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The Correlation Between Hyperglycemia and Rheumatoid Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Al- Risafa Area, Baghdad
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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes is a common disease. Rheumatoid factor is a well-established test used in the diagnosis and follows the prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid factor is sometimes found in serum of patients with other diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), due to the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α which play an important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the study is to investigate the associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in scope of rheumatoid factor (RF), hyperglycemia and body mass index (BMI), in patients with T2DM lived in Al-Risafa area -Baghdad. One hundred twenty five (125) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were selected from the out patients department of the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Baghdad; in addition to (70) apparently healthy non diabetic, non arthritic subjects as control, during the period from Sep. - Dec./2010. The ages of both patients and control subjects were within (35-75) years. This study focus to search for the correlation between T2DM and RF "qualitative and quantitative" in relation to body mass index (BMI) and gender. Out of 125 DM-patients (73 female and 52 male), 44 (35.2 %) showed positive RF when compared with healthy controls (N=3, 4.3%). [P value =0.01 is significant] with female dominance (N=28, 63.6%) in compared to males (N=16, 36.4 %), when these diabetics with RF positive were titered for RF (8, 16, 32 and 64 IU/ml), the following results were obtained. The highest percentage of titer observed with 34.1% in those with RF titer 64 IU/ ml [P value = 0.01] when compared with healthy control.  18.2 % had RF titer of 8 IU/ ml, 20.4 % had RF titer of 16 IU/ ml, 27.3 % had RF titer of 32 IU/ ml and 34.1 % had RF titer of 64 IU/ ml. The highest percentage among the overweight, DM patients (38.9 %) have a mean titer 64 IU/ml, a percentage decrease respectively as below: 38.9 % had RF titer of 64 IU/ ml, 27.8% had RF titer of 32 IU/ ml, 16.6 % had RF titer 16 IU / ml and 16.6% had RF titer 8 IU/ ml. The highest number and percentage of DM with RF positive (N=17, 38.6 %) were located among higher age (50-59), (60-69) & (70 -79) year groups (N=17, 38.6%), (N=13, 29.5%) & (N=8, 18.2%) respectively, [P- Value < 0.01] when compared to the corresponding controls. The effect of fasting plasma glucose level of type 2 DM in patients who have RF positive titer, is found that > 7.2 mmol/l glucose in plasma contribute the highest titer (N=28, 63.6 %), in comparison with group of plasma glucose levels < 7.2 mmol/l patients (N=16, 36.4%). with a highly significant difference, P-value = 0.006.Smokers diabetic patients with RF positive (N=27, 61.4%) dominate over non- smokers with RF positive (N=17, 38.6%). The results of this study indicate that there is a reasonable increased frequency of positive rheumatoid factor (RF) in type 2 diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control is associated with higher RF titer in positive cases. The titer of T2DM smoker patients is associated with positive RF values that exceed the titer of the non- smoker RF positive patients. Thus, smoking might not be correlated significantly to DM, but may contribute to its complications.

Key words: T2DM, RF, BMI, Smoking.

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 22 2014
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Physics
Comparison between shell model and self-consistent mean field calculations for ground charge density distributions and elastic form factors of 12C and 16O nuclei
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Phenomena of corruption and money laundering: and causes and risks and their role in the financing of terrorism in Iraq and finding ways of treatment
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Iraq  is Suffering nowadays from the criminal triad represented by the fiscal and administrative corruption, money laundering and terrorism, which are intertwined in a very related relations, as each of them support the other . Since the over growth has been one of its characteristics leaving behind a very dangerous negative effects whether it was social , economic or even political impacts . As a result , this trial is now represents a high risk that threatens the present and the future of Iraq . On the political , economic and social level , it is well to mention that the poor direct investment , the increasing rates of poverty , unemployment , inflation as well as the smuggling of goreign currency an

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 11 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Designing a Proposed Educational Program Based on Augmented Reality Technology and Measuring Its Effectiveness in Developing the Skills of Research and Historical Imagination Among Students of the Humanities Track in The Secondary Stage in the City of Mak
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The current study aims to develop a proposed educational program based on augmented reality (AR) technology, in addition to assessing its effectiveness in developing research and historical imagination skills of the Humanities Track's female students at the secondary stage, as well as assessing the correlative and predictive relationships between the amount of growth for the two dependent variables. To achieve this, a secondary school in the city of Makkah Al-Mukarramah was chosen, and an available random sample of (30) female students from the study population was selected. The quasi-experimental approach was followed by this study, particularly one group design. In addition, two tools were used to collect study data, namely: a test of

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
New method for the evaluation of propranolol with phosphotungstic acidvialong distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis
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A new, simple and sensitive method was used forevaluation of propranolol withphosphotungstic acidto prove the efficiency, reliability and repeatability of the long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. The method is based on reaction between propranolol and phosphotungstic acid in an aqueous medium to obtain a yellow precipitate. Optimum parameters was studied to increase the sensitivity for developed method. A linear range for calibration graph was 0.007-13 mmol/L for cell A and 5-15 mmol/L for cell B, and LOD 207.4792 ng/160 µL and 1.2449 µg/160 µL respectively to cell A and cell B with correlation coefficient (r) 0.9988 for cell A, 0.9996 for cell B, RSD% was lower than 1%, (n=8) for the

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Problems and needs of Baghdad university students from perspective of college of political sciences and college of engineering’s students
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The current research aims to identify the problems and needs for both college of political science and college of engineering’s students. The sample was (100) male and female student. The results showed bunch of problems which could be organized descendingly, the scientific domain ranged between (2 - 2.42), the mean of the psychological domain was (2.85), the moral domain ranged between (2.2 – 2.28)m the problems of study earned (2.30), the material domain got (1.95), the medical and social domain obtained (1.925), and finally, the family domain received (1.887).

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Shorthand the representative performance in the theatrical festival performances of the education teams for teachers in primary schools , in secondary schools and artistic supervisors 2019 AD: خضر عبد خضير
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Arts acts to reduce and exclude everything that is not necessary in the delivery of meaning, especially representative performance, which is based on the intensification of the physical and vocal actions, and in drawing the dimensions of the character. And because that, the artistic staff, among others in the ministry of education, are considered the cornerstone, in the development of theatrical activities in schools, this research came to find out the extent to which teachers in primary schools, in secondary schools and artistic supervisors rely on shorthand mechanisms in the representative performance.
The current research relied on the descriptive approach, in analyzing his sample, which was deliberately chosen, Among the most imp

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 21 2024
Journal Name
Gastroenterology
Evaluation of global DNA methylation, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels among patients with celiac disease
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Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder caused by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by chronic inflammation that essentially affects the small intestine. Objective: this study was designed to measure the potential role of some serological biomarkers including vitamin B12 and homocysteine (HCY) in the progression of CD as well as their relations to global DNA methylation (5mC). Materials and methods. Forty CD patients were enrolled in the study with an average age of (36.60 ± 2.03) years (range between 15 and 60). The diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by serological examinations and intestinal endoscopy in Gastroenterology and Liver Teaching Hospital in the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 30 2021
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Frequency of Pulmonary Aspergillosis Among Clinically Suspected and Under Treatment Tuberculosis Patients , Khartoum State , Sudan
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Background

Respiratory tract aspergillosis is a pulmonary disease cause by aspergillus species which are opportunistic fungi that mainly infect immuno-compromised patients .

 Objective(s)

The present study aimed to detect the frequency of pulmonary aspergillosis among clinically suspected and under follow up tuberculosis patients conducted at Tropical Diseases Teaching Hospital, Omdurman, Khartoum State , Sudan during the period from December 2019 to November 2020.

 Materials and Methods

One hundred and fifty sputum samples were collected from suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and under follow up tuberculosis patients. All specimens were examined using 20% KOH and cultured on two

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Prevalence of clinically significant Hepatopulmonary Syndrome among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Portal Hypertension
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Background : The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, arterial deoxygenation, and pulmonary vascular dilatation. The reported prevalence of HPS in cirrhotic patients varies between 5% -17.5%.Objective : To estimate the prevalence of hepatopulmonary syndrome among patients with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension and to study the correlation between HPS and the severity of liver disease.Patients and methods : Thirty patients were studied for the presence of HPS using transthoracic contrast echocardiography for detection of pulmonary vasodilatation. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was determined in erect and supine position using a pulse oximeter , (SaO2 ≤ 92 % in supine position and/or a d

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Publication Date
Thu May 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal For The Generic Medicines Sector
Determinants of national drug products acceptance across patients, pharmacists, and manufacturers: A mixed method study
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Introduction

The national pharmaceutical industry is pivotal for both the health sector and the national economy. This study aims to identify determinants of national drug products acceptance. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively measure the level of patient and community pharmacist acceptance of national drug products available in community pharmacies and to qualitatively explore the barriers facing national pharmaceutical companies and investigate the suggested solutions.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used an explanatory mixed method design. It was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from July through October 2018. The stud

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