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Efficacy, safety and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Lowering Ability of ACE Inhibitors, B-Blockers and Combination Antihypertensive Drug Regimes in Iraq
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Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and cardiovascular disease risk lowering ability, of three antihypertensive drug regimens.

A retrospective study was carried out on 66 hypertensive patients, divided in to three groups based on their antihypertensive drug regimens (ACE inhibitors, β-blockers treated and combination antihypertensive therapy, the combination therapy consist of two or more of the following antihypertensive drugs ACE inhibitor diuretic, CCBs β-blockers), the study also included 22 healthy individuals. Duration of treatment was 2-10 years. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured and blood sample was collected, and the serum processed for the measurement of lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, liver function test, kidney function test, electrolytes, and C-reactive protein. Cardiovascular disease risk lowering ability have been assessed by cardiovascular risk assessor computer program.

The results shows that systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the three antihypertensive drug regimens treated group, were significantly higher than systolic and diastolic blood pressure in control healthy individuals indicating that these antihypertensive drug regimens were unable to reach hypertension treatment target, although ACE inhibitors and combination antihypertensive drugs reach minimal hypertension treatment target.

ACE inhibitors regimen did not show any significant adverse effects on lipid profiles and blood glucose, while β-blockers regimen adversely affected it. Most predominant adverse effects that appear, in ACE inhibitors treated group were dry cough and taste disturbances, in β-blockers treated group were bradycardia and sleep disturbances while in combination therapy treated group were according to the combination used. In combination containing thiazide diuretics, disturbed lipid profiles and hyperurecemia were predominant and in combination containing calcium channel blockers constipation and peripheral edema were predominant.

Coronary heart disease and stroke risk percentage in all three antihypertensive drug regimens were significantly higher compared to control healthy individuals group, and all three antihypertensive drugs regimens have the same cardiovascular risk lowering ability.

In conclusion the results indicated that all three antihypertensive drug regimens used were not efficient enough to reach hypertension treatment target, the combination therapy and ACE inhibitors regimens were only capable to reach minimal hypertension treatment target which is ≤150/90 mm Hg.

Key words: ACE inhibitors, B blockers, Hypertension.

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Structural Concrete
Enhancement of RC T‐beams toughness using laced stirrups reinforcement for blast response predictions
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Abstract<p>The dynamic behavior of laced reinforced concrete (LRC) T‐beams could give high‐energy absorption capabilities without significantly affecting the cost, which was offered through a combination of high strength and ductile response. In this paper, LRC T‐beams, composed of inclined continuous reinforcement on each side of the beam, were investigated to maintain high deformations as predicted in blast resistance. The beams were tested under four‐point loading to create pure bending zones and obtain the ultimate flexural capacities. Transverse reinforcement using lacing reinforcement and conventional vertical stirrups were compared in terms of deformation, strain, and toughness changes of the tes</p> ... Show More
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Mon Apr 17 2023
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Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect Of Technology Based Learning As A Supplement To Traditional Technology On Student's Achievement
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This paper describes a practical study on the impact of learning's partners, Bluetooth Broadcasting system, interactive board, Real – time response system, notepad, free internet access, computer based examination, and interaction classroom, etc, had on undergraduate student performance, achievement and involving with lectures. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that the use of such learning techniques, tools, and strategies to improve student learning especially among the poorest performing students. Also, it gives some kind of practical comparison between the traditional way and interactive way of learning in terms of lectures time, number of tests, types of tests, student's scores, and student's involving with lectures

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 25 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
An Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Maximizing the Coverage Range of Wireless Sensor Networks
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The issue of increasing the range covered by a wireless sensor network with restricted sensors is addressed utilizing improved CS employing the PSO algorithm and opposition-based learning (ICS-PSO-OBL). At first, the iteration is carried out by updating the old solution dimension by dimension to achieve independent updating across the dimensions in the high-dimensional optimization problem. The PSO operator is then incorporated to lessen the preference random walk stage's imbalance between exploration and exploitation ability. Exceptional individuals are selected from the population using OBL to boost the chance of finding the optimal solution based on the fitness value. The ICS-PSO-OBL is used to maximize coverage in WSN by converting r

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 25 2025
Journal Name
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Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles from Copper(II) Schiff Base Complex: Evaluation via Thermal Decomposition
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Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of a copper(II) Schiff-base complex. The complex was formed by reacting cupric acetate with a Schiff base in a 2:1 metal-to-ligand ratio. The Schiff base itself was synthesized via the condensation of benzidine and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acetic acid. This newly synthesized symmetric Schiff base served as the ligand for the Cu(II) metal ion complex. The ligand and its complex were characterized using several spectroscopic methods, including FTIR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CHNS, and AAS, along with TGA, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The CuO nanoparticles were produced by thermally decomposing the

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Tue Jun 30 2020
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Pakistan Journal Of Phytopathology
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Sat Jan 01 2022
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Performance of Electro-Fenton Process for Phenol Degradation Using Nickel Foam as a Cathode
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Toxic substances have been released into water supplies in recent decades because of fast industrialization and population growth. Fenton electrochemical process has been addressed to treat wastewater which is very popular because of its high efficiency and straightforward design. One of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is electro-Fenton (EF) process, and electrode material significantly affects its performance. Nickel foam was chosen as the source of electro-generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to its good characteristics. In the present study, the main goals were to explore the effects of operation parameters (FeSO4 concentration, current density, and electrolysis time) on the catalytic perform

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
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Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability: Tmrees22fr
Investigate the structural properties of Tl1-xHgxSr2Ca2Cu3O8+δ compound by using Scherrer modified equation
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Water Process Engineering
Antibiotics adsorption from contaminated water by composites of ZSM-5 zeolite nanocrystals coated carbon
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The presence of antibiotic residues such as ciprofloxacin (CIPR) in an aqueous environment is dangerous when their concentrations exceed the allowable. Therefore, eliminating these residues from the wastewater becomes an essential issue to prevent their harm. In this work, the potential of efficient adsorption of ciprofloxacin antibiotics was studied using eco-friendly ZSM-5 nanocrystals‑carbon composite (NZC). An inexpensive effective natural binder made of the sucrose-citric acid mixture was used for preparing NZC. The characterization methods revealed the successful preparation of NZC with a favorable surface area of 103.739 m2/g, and unique morphology and functional groups. Investigating the ability of NZC for adsorbing CIPR antibioti

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