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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Possible Mutual Prodrugs of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole by Direct and Indirect Coupling through Spacer
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Amoxicillin have been conjugated with metronidazole as possible mutual prodrug to get a wider spectrum of activity by acting on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, have antifungal activity, to provide protection for beta lactam ring of amoxicillin and also to improve patient compliance as it given as a single dose therapy. The structures of the synthesized compound were confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHN), IR and some physiochemical properties. Biological study was done by using  disc diffusion method against different bacterial strains which are , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhie , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , Klebsiella pneumonia and fungi ( Candida albicans) . using nutrient agar medium and 5 mm diameter paper discs. The synthesized compounds showed maintenance or improvement of the antimicrobial activity especially compound (II) showed superior activity in comparison with compounds (I, III) .

Key words: Amoxicillin , Metronidazole , Mutual prodrug .

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 25 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Candesartan Cilexetil by Complexation with Cyclodextrin
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At present, numerous novel chemical compounds face challenges related to their limited solubility in aqueous environments. These compounds are classified under the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) as either class II or class IV substances. Different carriers were used to increase their solubility. Candesartan cilexetil (CC) is one of the most widely used antihypertensive drugs, which belongs to class II drugs. The aim of this research was to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of CC through a complexation approach involving β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives, specifically hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), methyl beta cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), and sulfonyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), serving as

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Eeng. &tech.journal
Preparation and Characterization of High Quality SnO2 Films Grown by (HPCVD)
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ABSTRACT: In this research SnO2 thin films have been prepared by using hot plate atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) on glass and Si (n-type) substrates at various temperatures. Optical properties have been measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer, maximum transmittance about (94%) at 400 0C. Structure properties have been studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) , its shows that all films have a crystalline structure in nature and by increasing growth temperature from(350-500) 0C diffraction peaks becomes sharper and grain size has been change. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) uses to analyze the morphology of the Tine Oxides surface structure. Roughness & Root mean square for different temperature have been investigated. The r

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 09 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of frictional forces generated by different brackets and orthodontic wires
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Background: Sliding mechanics is widely used during orthodontic treatment. One of the disadvantages of this mechanics is the friction generated at the bracket/archwire interface, which may reduce the amount of desired orthodontic movement obtained. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the static frictional forces produced by two passive self-ligating brackets stainless-steel and hybrid and two conventional brackets stainless-steel and monocrystal ligated with stainless-steel ligature wire at two degrees of torque(zero and twenty) under dry condition. Materials and method: One hundred and sixty brackets were used in this study divided into four groups each group consisted of forty brackets these are: Two self-li

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 12 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Zaltoprofen Lyophilized Tablets by Zydis Technique
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“Orodispersible Tablet” a tablet that is to be placed in oral cavity where it disperses rapidly by saliva with no need for water before swallowing. Zaltoprofen (ZLP) is one of NSAIDs which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis as well as to relieve inflammation and pain after surgery, injury and tooth extraction. The present study was aimed to prepare rapidly dissolved lyophilized Zaltoprofen tablet with different pharmaceutical excipients and studying the factors affecting pharmaceutical properties like (solubility, disintegration time DT, dissolution, etc.) of tablets. The lyophilized disintegrating tablets (LDTs) were prepared using Zydis technique by lyophilization an aqueous

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Al-academy
Mechanisms of designs inspired by nature and ways to develop them
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 Research in the field of biometric simulation is in the design of various and various industrial products, but it still needs new studies and research that are compatible with scientific and technological development, especially in the field of computing. Recognition, deduction, and simulation of nature, for example, the use of animal bones as tools in cutting, hunting or fighting, in addition to the use of animal drawings in cave drawings as symbols of strength, as well as dance movements and face painting to simulate the natural reality that surrounds humans. This trend developed to include simulation of nature in the formal and functional aspect to reach To vocabulary and solutions that help man in his daily life, the research probl

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 11 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Nicotine Extracted from Eggplant and Green Pepper by HPLC
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Nicotine was separated from eggplant and green pepper seeds (Solanaceous) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The concentration of nicotine in the eggplant extract (0.871-0.877 μg/ml) was determined by injecting standard material with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, while the concentrations of nicotine in green pepper extract (0.613-0.618 μg/ml) was determined when the standard material was injected with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml. The qualitative chemical data was calculated from derivations of the standard material. Nicotine concentration was measured qualitatively in both extracts through the calibration curve and method of the standard addition. This technique has high accuracy and compatibility, bringing the proportion of relati

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Uranium and Plutonium Recovery by Tributylphosphate Solvation and Trioctylamine Ion association Mechanisms
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In this work a flowsheet has been put for the recovery of uranium and plutonium from 2.5M nitric acid solutions using 17.5% tributyl phosphate (TBP) and 2.5% trioctylamine (TOA) in kerosene diluent . The fission products (resulting from irradiated of uranium samples in nuclear research reactor) were removed from the desired actinides U & Pu .The organic phase TBP/TOA/Kerosene, containing both actinides U&Pu were stripped using 0.1 M HNO3. Trioctylamine (2.5 volume ratio ) in mesitylene , has been used in conditions appropriate for the recovery of Pu . From the experiments done using mixer- settler , the concentration of uranium in the organic phase in such conditions was very low ,not exceeding parts of a million .

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study FTIR and AC Conductivity of Nanocomposite Electrolytes
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 In the present work polymer electrolytes were formulated using the solvent casting technique. Under special conditions, the electrolyte content was of fixed ratio of polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP): polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (25:75), ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) (1:1) with 10% of potassium iodide (KI) and iodine I2 = 10% by weight of KI. The conductivity was increased with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. It is also increased with the temperature increase within the range (293 to 343 K). The conductivity reaches maximum value of about (0.0296 S.cm-1) with (0.25 g) ZnO. The results of FTIR for blend electrolytes indicated a significant degree of interaction between the polymer blend (PVP and PAN)

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 29 2019
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Histopathological study of hepatic and pulmonary sheep's hydatidosis
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2017
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Revelation period And suspicions of Orientalists: Critical study
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With the narratives and sayings in the biography of the Prophet and the science of the Koran, Orientalists used this case as a pretext to distort the biography of the Prophet and his character and patience for his call. Researcher in the folds of his research.

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