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CYP2D6 Genotype in Relation to Liver Toxicity Due to Tetrabenazine in Iraqi Patients with Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
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Abstract

The  common types of movement disorders are ; dystonia which is a syndrome  of  repetitive muscle contractions. While , Huntington disease is autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by involuntary movements (“chorea”).

Tetrabenazine therapy has been shown to effectively control this movements compared with placebo.

Design the proper dosing approach for patients treated with tetrabenazine with genotype polymorphisms and their hepatic effect on patients.

A prospective case controlled study was carried on 50 patients whom    divided into 2 groups :first group involved 25 patients who had chorea, and group 2 included  patients with dystonia, whom treated with (tetrabenazine) for three months. In addition to control group involved 25 healthy subjects . Blood samples were collected at the beginning and after three months  to assess  liver function  in relation to genetic polymorphism of CYP 450 2D6 enzyme for both groups and measuring the plasma concentration of tetrabenazine , alpha and beta  dyhdrotetrabenazine.

The results show a significant CYP 450 2D6 enzyme polymorphism. And elevations of liver enzymes in the patient indicate hepatotoxicity of tetrabenazine and its metabolites,

Determination a genotype of the CYP 450 2D6  genes in Iraqi patients, in relation  to the safety and efficacy of tetrabenazine  .

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2024
Journal Name
Medical Journal Of Babylon
Epidemiology of Colorectal Polyps in Iraqi Patients
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background:

A colorectal polyp (CRP) is a growth on the lining of the colon or rectum. The incidence of CRPs is rapidly increasing with age. They are most often benign. The rectum is the most commonly affected site.

Objectives:

To determine the incidence, clinical presentation, and histopathologic types of CRP in Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:

It is a cross-sectional screening study conducted in the medical c

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2009
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Serum Zinc in Iraqi Acute Leukemic Patients
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Background: Leukemia is a group of malignant disorders
associated with increased numbers of blood white blood
cells. Acute leukemia occurs at all ages. Because zinc
influences many body systems and functions, zinc is an
essential nutrient for tissue growth, cellular division,
protein synthesis DNA and RNA replication it also ought to
play a critical role in the growth of tumor. In this study,
serum zinc was estimated in leukemic patients and
compared with healthy subjects.
Methods: The subjects in the present study were; fourtyfour depressed patients aged (14-48 year), thirty-one
apparently healthy subjects were selected as control group.
Their sex and age were comparable to that of patients.
Determin

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 06 2025
Journal Name
Frontiers In Oral Health
Irisin, a promising adipomyokine, shows low levels in relation to periodontal diseases, unlike visfatin and IL-6 (case-control study)
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Introduction

Adipose tissue releases pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and hormones such as irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6, which may be linked to periodontal diseases.

Objectives

Our study aimed to determine salivary irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 levels in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, compare them with healthy periodontal patients, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers.

Materials a
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Publication Date
Sun May 17 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Salivary microRNAs (hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-125a and hsa- miR-93) in relation to age, gender and histopathological parameters.
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Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs. The main objective of this study was measure the level of salivary (hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-125a and hsa- miR-93) in both oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls to asses the association of them with age, gender and tumor grade materials and methods The level of three salivary microRNAs namely hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-125a and hsa- miR-93 were measured in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls by using reveres transcription, preamplification and quantitative PCR also the general information from each patient including the age, sex and tumor grade were record

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 20 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
The mechanism of addition and subtraction in the industrial product and its relation to employment pressure: بـــان محمد شـاكر الطائي
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The Significance of this research comes as a result of the development occurring in various life fields including the field of technical and technological development in the domain of industrial products which are in direct touch with the receiver, and because the study of deletion and addition mechanism didn't Find the Scientific space through researches and Studies. On this basis , the aim of this study is defining the forms of deletion and addition mechanism in designing the industrial product in a way that fits the functional presser . As to the limitations of this study, they involve examples of readymade Turkish House furniture, which is available in Iraqi local markets in Baghdad city 2013. The study included four chapters. The fi

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 21 2025
Journal Name
Plos Global Public Health
Association of socioeconomic and demographic determinants with clinical outcomes in Iraqi patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study
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Social determinants of health (SDH) profoundly influence diabetes outcomes; nevertheless, their impact on the Iraqi diabetic population remains under researched. The objectives of this study were To investigate the relationship between particular social determinants of health (SDH) variables namely food and housing insecurity, social support, income, and education and clinical outcomes, including HbA1c levels, medication adherence, and patient satisfaction among Iraqi diabetic patients. A cross-sectional study involving 212 diabetic patients in Iraq was conducted. Participants attending a healthcare facility in Iraq filled out validated questionnaires regarding social determinants of health, medication adherence, and satisfaction. HbA1c rea

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 31 2026
Journal Name
Al-zahraa Journal For Health And Medical Sciences
Molecular Genetics Innovations in Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders: Integration with Multi-Omics and Computational Approaches (Review Article)
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Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a diverse group of hereditary abnormalities that leads to a defect in metabolic pathway. Its diagnosis has been transformed by the innovations of molecular genetics and computational biology. Conventionally, diagnosis of IMDs is dependent on clinical findings and biochemical tests. Yet, these methods are limited due to a heterogeneity of such disorders and a large number of genes involved. The main objective of this review is to highlight the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS), including targeted gene panels, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), in the diagnosis of IMDs and providing reliable information in identifying genetic causes, and to explore the integrated an

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Publication Date
Sun May 17 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Nutritional Status among a Group of Preschool Children in Relation to Concentration of Selected Elements in Saliva and Caries Severity (A Comparative Study)
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Background: Nutritional status during childhood is very important for individual development and growth. Nutrition has local and systemic effect on the oral health by affecting dental health and salivary composition. This study was aimed to determine effect of iron, sodium and potassium ions in saliva on the nutritional status and to determine the effect of nutritional status on caries severity among preschool children. Material and Methods: The sample consists of 90 children aged 4 and 5 years of both genders, selected from 6 kindergartens in Al-Resafa aspect of Baghdad province. Children classified according to their nutritional status into three groups (normalweight, underweight and overweight). Nutritional status was determined by usi

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Depression status in relation to dental caries and salivary C-Reactive Protein among 17 years old secondary school female in Baghdad City/Iraq.
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Background: Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity, it can affect a person's thoughts, behavior and sense of well-being. It can affect oral health and lead to an increased risk of dental caries. Dental caries is the most common oral infectious diseases that stresses the immune system and causes changes in cellular and molecular components of peripheral blood and C-Reactive Protein is one of these components, considered a key biomarker of inflammation. This study was conducted to assess the effect of depression status on dental caries among 17 years old secondary school female students in relation to salivary C-Reactive Protein. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried and the whole sample composed of

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Explainable Artificial Intelligence In The Digital Sustainability Administration
Harnessing Technological Innovation and Artificial Intelligence in Iraqi Commercial Banks to Achieve Sustainability
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