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Coagulation-Flocculation process to treat Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater by Fenugreek Mucilage Coupled with Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride
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The wastewater arising from pulp and paper mills is highly polluted and has to be treated before discharged into rivers. Coagulation-flocculation process using natural polymers has grown rapidly in wastewater treatment. In this work, the performance of alum and Polyaluminum Chloride (PACl) when used alone and when coupled with Fenugreek mucilage on the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater were studied. The experiments were carried out in jar tests with alum, PACl and Fenugreek mucilage dosages range of 50-2000 mg/L, rapid mixing at 200 rpm for 2 min, followed by slow mixing at 40 rpm for 15 min and settling time of 30 min. The effectiveness of Fenugreek mucilage was measured by the reduction of turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results show that the combination of PACl and Fenugreek mucilage is more effective than alum, PACl and alum + Fenugreek mucilage. It can achieve greater than 97% of turbidity reduction and greater than 98% of COD reduction at low dosage of PACl (50 mg/L) and Fenugreek mucilage (100 mg/L). The results indicate that lower quantities of PACl are needed to obtain an acceptable reduction in turbidity and COD in the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
“The Theme of Deliberate Contrasting Coincidence in Beckett's "All That Fall"”
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In most of Beckett’s plays , there are prominent elements of absurdity that are landmarks of his style and the way of his writing like : the physical and the spiritual decay of characters, the disintegration of language as it becomes no longer a means of human communication because there is an inability to establish any kind of mental contact among them. These elements are quite apparent in Beckett’s “All That Fall”. The play exhibits a list of  conflicts: one is between powerful forces as that between the force of life represented by Maddy and the forces of death represented by Dan .The second is  the conflict and contempt between the old generation and the new one in the case of Dan’s desire to kill the boy fetching

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 15 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Warning Messages of Jeanne DuPrau’sThe City of Ember to the World with Reference to Gil Kenan’s Film Adaptation: The Theory of Conspiracy
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The City of Ember is a very interesting novel that is although intended for young readers, have so many layers and messages that are misunderstood. In this research, both the novel and the film adaptation are studied with the intent to decode the warning messages that the novelist and the director tried to introduce to the audience. The research studies four vital messages; the first message is that history repeats itself for the novel has many allusions to the history of Jews and their painful holocaust and even goes back in history the days of Moses and the Exodus, the second message tackles the conspiracy theory that states nothing happens by accident and that everything is planned and connected hence comes the third message

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
A solvent collection technique using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with spectrophotometry for the trace determination of folic acid in pure, dosage forms and flaxseed
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A simple, rapid and environmentally friendly dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method-based spectrophotometric method for the trace determination of folic acid has been developed. The proposed method is based on the formation of a deep yellow product via reaction of folic acid and 1,2-naphthoquine-4-sulfonate at pH = 9. The formed complex was extracted using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol. Then, the tiny organic droplets were measured at λ = 520 nm. At the optimum conditions, linearity was ranged from 0.05 to 1.5 μg/mL for the standard and samples, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.027, 0.03, 0.02 and 0.04 μg/mL for standard, tablet (5 mg), tablet (1 mg), syrup and fl

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Purification of Zinc Oxide Using Direct Thermal Process by Petroleum Coke
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The present investigation is concerned for the purification of impure zinc oxide (80-85 wt %) by using petroleum coke
(carbon content is 76 wt %) as reducing agent for the impure zinc oxide to provide pure zinc vapor, which will be
oxidized later by air to the pure zinc oxide.
The operating conditions of the reaction were studied in detail which are, reaction time within the range (10 to 30 min),
reaction temperature (900 to 1100 oC), air flow rate (0.2 to 1 l/min) and weight percentage of the reducing agent
(petroleum coke) in the feed (14 to 30 wt %).
The best operating conditions were (30 min) for the reaction time, (1100 oC) for the reaction temperature, (1 l/min) for
the air flow rate, and (30 wt %) of reducing

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 11 2025
Journal Name
Sulaimani Journal For Humanities
Psychological hesitation and its relationship to the accuracy of serving reception skills among Baghdad University volleyball team players
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This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological frequency and the accuracy of receiving a serve in volleyball. The researchers used a descriptive approach, which is best suited to the research problem. The study sample consisted of 12 players from the University of Baghdad volleyball team. Ten players were selected purposively, and two were excluded from the research sample for use in a pilot study, as well as players who participate in volleyball at sports clubs. The sample size represented 83% of the original population. The researchers used the Psychological Frequency Scale developed by Firas Abdul Hussein (1999) for sports-related applications, which consists of 51 positive and negative items. The SPSS version 26 sof

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparative Study for the Early Detection of the most Important Factors Leading to Preeclampsia
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The aim of this research is to determine the most important and main factors that lead to Preeclampsia. It is also about finding suitable solutions to eradicate these factors and avoid them in order to prevent getting Preeclampsia. To achieve this, a case study sample of (40) patients from Medical City - Oncology Teaching Hospital was used to collect data by a questionnaire which contained (17) reasons to be investigated. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to compare the results of the data analysis through two methods (Radial Bases Function Network) and (Factorial Analysis). Important results were obtained, the two methods determined the same factors that could represent the direct reason which causes Preecla

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 01 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
أثر التوجه السوقي والتعلم المنظمي في أداء الأعمال دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من مدراء المصارف العراقية
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The study tackles the market orientation and the organizational learning as independent variables each included three sub-dimensions, and the variable of business performance as affiliated variable. These three variables have interacted to form the framework around which the study revolves. Since the banking sector has become an important part of which service sector is made, as well as it represents the basic pivot for the process of building and the development of the economies of countries, the Iraqi banking sector have been taken to be the sample of this study. A nonrandom sample of nine Iraqi banks was chosen, including four state banks (Al-Rafdain, Al-RaSheed, Industrial Bank, and Agricultural), and five private banks (Bagh

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Investigation of the association of AGTR1 A1166C rs5186 and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with the obesity in children and adolescents
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Obesity is a risk factor for a number of chronic conditions. Obesity is clinically defined using the body mass index (BMI) as weight in kg divided by (height)2 in m2 correlated with obesity. Currently, genetic markers of obesity are being studied. This study focused on the association between the angiotensin II receptor AGTR1 gene (A1166C) and fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) (rs9939609) in obese children and adolescents patients in Rostov region, Russia.  Five-hundreds of Russian nationality child and adolescent were recruited for the obesity-control studies. The relationship between the A1166C polymorphism of the AGTR1 gene in

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Cosmetic Products Marketed in Iraq Using Spectrophotometric and Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Device (µPADs) Platform
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Two quantitative, environment-friendly and easily monitored assays for Ni (II) and Co (III) ions analysis in different lipstick samples collected from 500-Iraqi dinars stores located in Baghdad were introduced. The study was based on the reaction of nickel (II) ions with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) reagent and the reaction of cobalt (III) ions with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol (NN) reagent to produce colored products. The color change was measured by spectrophotometric method at 565 nm and 430 nm for Ni and Co, respectively, with linear calibration graphs in the concentration range 0.25-100 mg L-1 (Ni) and 0.5-100 mg L-1 (Co) and LOD and LOQ of 0.11 mg L-1 and 0.36 mg L-1 (Ni), and 0.15 mg L-1 an

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Scopus (7)
Crossref (5)
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 30 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Curcuma Extract in Petroleum Refinery Wastewater
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The inhibitor property of curcuma longa L. extract in different concentrations of simulated refinery wastewater (0.05% - 2% wt) and at various temperatures (30, 35 and 40 ˚C) was investigated using weight loss method. The results showed that the presence of about 1.2 % (v/v) of curcuma extract gave about 84% inhibition indicating its effectiveness on mild steel corrosion in simulated refinery wastewater, besides the adsorption process on the mild steal surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

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