This study was carried out to evaluate parasitological and immunological of the effect of chitosan and chitosannanoparticles loaded with spiramycin on toxoplasmosis infected mice. After injection intra peritoneal with 103viable tachyzoites for acute infection, treatments given for seven days. Peritoneal fluid examination revealed a significant decrease in the number of Toxoplasmagondiitachyzoites in all treated infected mice compared with infected non-treated. The combined therapy gave better results than single. The best effect was observed in group of mice treated with spiramycin combined with chitosan nanoparticles. Also immunoglobulin Ig Manti body and gamma Interferon (INFγ), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokines responses ag

Background: disruptive behavioral disorders among primary school children is oone of the most popular, which has  negative social, psychological, educational, and physical repercussions on children and families. Objective: This study sought to determine effect disruptive behavioral disorders quality of learning among school chil dren. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design study was conducted at Baquba primary schools in Diyala Governorate,  and the study period was extended from October 6th, 2024, to January 15th, 2025. A nonprobability purposive sample was  used to include 275 teachers working at selected Baquba primary schools, Iraq. Data were collected using a self-admin istered questionnaire, two components of the st

ABSTRACTBackground: In Iraq smoking is a common habit in both the urban and rural areas. There are many respiratory diseases like chronic bronchitis, bronchial carcinoma and emphysema which are related to chronic tobacco smoking.Objectives: To study the effect of tobacco smoking on the respiratory system, to establish a correlation between chronic tobacco smoking and its effects on the parameters which were studied and to create awareness in tobacco smokers about the effects of tobacco on their healthMethod: In this study 100 male subjects, 50 chronic smokers and 50 non- smokers were assessed for their pulmonary function tests by using a computerized spirometer.Results: Almost all their respiratory parameters were significantly reduced.

Al-Si alloys which are widely used in engineering applications due to their outstanding properties can be modified for more enhancements in their properties. Current work investigated the ability of these alloys to be modified by casting them through the addition of nanoparticles. So, Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and titanium carbide ceramic particles (TIC) with size of (20 nm) were added with different amounts started from (0.5 up to 3%) weight  to cast alloy A356 that was considered to be the base metal matrix, then stirred with different speeds of (270, 800, 1500, 2150) rpm at 520 °C for one minute. The results showed change in microstructure’ shape of the casted alloys from the dendritic to spherical gra

The Diyala River is considered the third most important river in Iraq. However, in the recent period, Diyala Governorate has been subject to several floods. This study aims to simulate an efficient labyrinth weir at the flood escape entrance branching from the Diyala River to reach the best entrance through which the flood waves can pass safely. The discharge coefficient was calculated laboratory for five types of trapezoidal side labyrinth weirs with different sidewall angles. Results showed that the coefficient discharge for the trapezoidal labyrinth side weir with an angle of the sidewall is 75ᵒ and has a discharge coefficient greater than the rest of the labyrinth side weirs. The second part of this study is valida

Is the efficiency of physical and your endurance is of great importance for some activities and field, as it whenever the situation has improved student career was able to perform physical exertion more with energy saving efforts, so the identification of physical aptitude and endurance private students, was based on that there are positively correlated the carrying of training and pregnancy fact on the shoulders of the student. In other words, physical aptitude and endurance in your control level that can be shown by the student during the performance of training and competitions. Therefore, lies the importance of research to test physical aptitude and endurance your help to reveal the career of the body in the light of their relationship

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to compare and evaluate Earnings Management in Tunisia and Iraq.   Theoretical framework: Earnings Management is an important topic that has been studied by a significant number of researchers, as well as those who are interested in the accounting profession. Earnings Management has gotten a lot of attention from academics, professionals, and other interested parties in recent years (e.g. Kliestik et al., 2020; Rahman et al., 2021; Gamra &Ellouze, 2021)   Design/methodology/approach: The sample includes ten banks listed on the Bourse of Tunisia and Iraq Stock Exchanges for the year 2017. We have used a model of Kothari et al., (2005) as a tool to measure Earnings Management in both mark

In this work , the effect of chlorinated rubber (additive I), zeolite 3A with chlorinated rubber (additive II), zeolite 4A with chlorinated rubber (additiveIII), and zeolite 5A with chlorinated rubber (additive IV), on flammability for epoxy resin studied, in the weight ratios of (2, 4, 7,10 & 12%) by preparing films of (130x130x3) mm in diameters, three standard test methods used to measure the flame retardation which are ; ASTM : D-2863 , ASTM : D-635 & ASTM : D-3014. Results obtained from these tests indicated that all of them are effective and the additive IV has the highest efficiency as a flame retardant.