Path planning in autonomous robotic systems (ARS) is challenging, especially in dynamic or uncertain environments. Many classical methods are computationally expensive and lack adaptability to real-world scenarios. In order to improve the overall path-planning capabilities of robots; this paper introduces a new smart robotic navigation system which uses Software Defined Network (SDN) and Multi-Spike Elman Neural Network (MS-ENN). The introduced system includes an innovative way to encode temporal information using multiple spikes which can capture much greater amounts of detail about changing environmental characteristics than conventional artificial neural networks. Additionally, it includes a spiking wave-front planner (SWP) to pr

Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) used for many applications especially in security applications, including border control. However, more accurate and language-independent techniques are still needed. This work provides a new approach to identifying Arabic license plates in different formats, colors, and even including English characters. Numbers, characters, and layouts with either 1-line or 2-line layouts are presented. For the test, we intend to use Iraqi license plates as there is a wide range of license plate styles written in Arabic, Kurdish, and English/Arabic languages, each different in style and color. This variety makes it difficult for recent traditional license plate recognition systems and algorithms to recogn

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by polymerization via the chemical oxidation of aniline monomer with ammonium persulfate as the initiator. The interfacial polymerization method was used to prepare PANI/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4] polyionic liquid (PIL). The obtained PANI/ [BMIM][BF4] PIL was investigated by the XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR, and UV-Visible characterizations. X-ray diffractogram of PANI showed five prominent characteristic peaks at 27.1°, 24o, 21.8°, 19.8°, and 18.2°. This demonstrates the semi-crystalline character of the polyaniline produced through the interfacial polymerization process. Incorporation of [BMIM][BF4] into PANI reduced the crystalline phase and enhanced amorphicity. From the

An oxidative polymerization approach was used to create polyaniline (PANI) and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle combination. Various characterization approaches were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle structures. The findings support the synthesis of polycrystalline nanoparticle PANI and Fe₂O₃ /PANI spherical nanoparticle composites. Gram-positive bacteria are tested for antibacterial activity. Various quantities of Nanoparticles of PANI and Fe₂O₃ /PANI nanoparticle composites were used to test Staph-aureus and gram-negative bacteria, E-coli, and candida species. PANI has antibacterial properties against all microo

Furfural is a toxic aromatic aldehyde that can cause a severe environmental problem especially the wastewater drown from petroleum refinery units. In the present work, a useless by-product from local furniture manufacturing industry; sawdust was used as raw material for the preparation of activated carbon which is chemically activated with phosphoric acid. The effect of adsorption variables which include initial pH of solution (2-9), agitation speed (50-250) rpm, agitation time (15-120) min, initial concentration of furfural (50-250) ppm, and amount of adsorbent material (0.5-2.5) g for the three adsorbents used (prepared activated carbon, commercial activated carbon and raw sawdust) were investigated in a batch process

Computer literacy is an urgent necessity for university students, given the rapid development in the means of communication in which we live in this era, and the flow of abundant information. Mainly on the computer in all administrative and academic transactions, where first of all the registration for the semester is done through the computer. Computer culture has many characteristics and advantages that distinguish it from other sciences, including the concept of computer culture that cannot be defined absolutely, and it is difficult to define its levels, because the specifications of the computer-educated individual differ from one individual to another, and from time to time also, you find it a luxury in a country What, and you

The applications of hot plasma are many and numerous applications require high values of the temperature of the electrons within the plasma region. Improving electron temperature values is one of the important processes for using this specification in plasma for being adopted in several modern applications such as nuclear fusion, plating operations and in industrial applications. In this work, theoretical computations were performed to enhance electron temperature under dense homogeneous plasma. The effect of   power and duration time of pulsed Nd:YAG laser   was studied on the heating of   plasmas  by inverse bremsstrahlung  for  several values for the electron density ratio. There results for these ca