The Mesopotamian soil is muddy and fertile, and so from ancient eras Iraqis used mud in their building, settlements and architecture in different methodologies according to the nature and the function of the building that was either in its pure form or by mixing it with other materials such as straw . also as raw bricks in different ways either for the whale building or parts of it, or for the finishing parts such as roofing for instance. In this research these different forms and methodologies will permeate through out a chosen examples of historical building, rural buildings and settlements and ancient buildings as well as some current uses of mud in the structures and building in standing cities, this in order to conclude some

In This paper, sky radio emission background level associated with radio storm burst for the Sun and Jupiter is determined at frequency (20.1 MHz). The observation data for radio Jove telescope for the Sun and Jupiter radio storm observations data are loaded from NASA radio Jove telescope website, the data of Sunspot number are loaded from National Geophysical Data Center, (NGDC). Two radio Jove stations [(Sula, MT), (Lamy, NM)] are chose from data website for these huge observations data. For the Sun, twelve figures are used to determine the relation between radio background emission, and the daily Sunspot number. For Jupiter a twenty four figures are used to determine the relation between radio background emission and diffraction betwe

The electronic characteristics, including the density of state and bond length, in addition to the spectroscopic properties such as IR spectrum and Raman scattering, as a function of the frequency of Sn₁₀O₁₆, C₂₄O_6, and hybrid junction (Sn₁₀O₁₆/C₂₄O₆) were studied. The methodology uses DFT for all electron levels with the hybrid function B3-LYP (Becke level, 3-parameters, Lee–Yang-Parr), with 6-311G (p,d)  basis set, and Stuttgart/Dresden (SDD) basis set, using Gaussian 09 theoretical calculations. The geometrical structures were calculated by Gaussian view 05 as a supplementary program. The band gap was calculated and compared to the measured valu

One of the most distinguished instrumentsis being used by the state for implementing its strategy andachieving perfectly and effectively its goals and policies, and economizing the Public Finance and uplifting the services level for the sake of people, is truly thegovernmental accounting system.

 Thus, through this system the upper hand is located for supplying the accurate information, which does make the complete and just expressing concerning the budget implementing results. So,this research comes here because of the hugeness in this sector and the associations largeness and the dread of the governments failure in fulfilling its obligations and the provided services, and the required need for the effective and capable inf

The demand for electronic -passport photo ( frontal facial) images has grown rapidly. It now extends to Electronic Government (E-Gov) applications such as social benefits driver's license, e-passport, and e-visa . With the COVID 19 (coronavirus disease ), facial (formal) images are becoming more widely used and spreading quickly, and are being used to verify an individual's identity, but unfortunately that comes with insignificant details of constant background which leads to huge byte consumption that affects storage space and transmission, where the optimal solution that aims to curtail data size using compression techniques that based on exploiting image redundancy(s) efficiently.

The international financial accounting and reporting standards IFRS/IAS represent the set of rules and foundations that the economic entity must follow in the measurement, presentation, and disclosure of the elements of the financial statements, the implementation of adopting the international financial reporting standards contributes to improving the qualitative characteristics of accounting information, so the current research aims to explain the role of adopting the International Accounting Standard (IAS) in improving the qualitative characteristics as well as analyzing the impact of the adoption of IAS.1 in improving the qualitative characteristics of accounting information within the financi

In light of increasing demand for energy consumption due to life complexity and its requirements, which reflected on architecture in type and size, Environmental challenges have emerged in the need to reduce emissions and power consumption within the construction sector. Which urged designers to improve the environmental performance of buildings by adopting new design approaches, Invest digital technology to facilitate design decision-making, in short time, effort and cost. Which doesn’t stop at the limits of acceptable efficiency, but extends to the level of (the highest performance), which doesn’t provide by traditional approaches that adopted by researchers and local institutions in their studies and architectural practices, limit

The study aims to identify the impact of competency-based training in its dimensions (skills, cognitive abilities, attitudes, and attitudes) in improving the performance of employees (achievement, strategic thinking and problem solving) in Jordanian university hospitals.

The study based on analytical descriptive method. The study population consisted of the Jordanian University Hospitals, the University Hospital of Jordan and the King Abdullah Hospital, as applied study case. The sample of the study consists of all upper and middle administrative employees of these hospitals; questionnaire distributed all of them and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis were 182 questionnaire.

The increasing complexity of how humans interact with and process information has demonstrated significant advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP), transitioning from task-specific architectures to generalized frameworks applicable across multiple tasks. Despite their success, challenges persist in specialized domains such as translation, where instruction tuning may prioritize fluency over accuracy. Against this backdrop, the present study conducts a comparative evaluation of ChatGPT-Plus and DeepSeek (R1) on a high-fidelity bilingual retrieval-and-translation task. A single standardize prompt directs each model to access the Arabic-language news section of the College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, retrieve the three most r