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Integral Sliding Mode Control Design for Electronic Throttle Valve System
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Abstract

 One of the major components in an automobile engine is the throttle valve part. It is used to keep up with emissions and fuel efficiency low. Design a control system to the throttle valve is newly common requirement trend in automotive technology. The non-smoothness nonlinearity in throttle valve model are due to the friction model and the nonlinear spring, the uncertainty in system parameters and non-satisfying the matching condition are the main obstacles when designing a throttle plate controller.

In this work, the theory of the Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is utilized to design a robust controller for the Electronic Throttle Valve (ETV) system. From the first instant, the electronic throttle valve dynamics is represented by the nominal system model, this model is not affected by system parameters uncertainty and the non-smooth nonlinearities. This is a consequence of applying the integral sliding mode control. The ISMC consists of two part; the first is the nominal control which is used to control the nominal system, while the second is a discontinuous part which is used to eliminate the effects of the parameters uncertainty and the non-smooth nonlinearities from system model. These features for the ISMC are proved mathematically and demonstrated numerically via seven numerical simulations and for different desired trajectories.  The simulation results clarify that for different system parameters, the ETV behaves as a nominal system. This enables to freely and precisely select the system response characteristics and the time required for the throttle angle to reach the desired value. Moreover the ability to deal with the chattering problem is demonstrated through the worked  simulation tests, where the chattering is eliminated via approximating the signum function by arc tan function.

 Keywords: Electronic throttle valve, Nonlinear spring model, Integral sliding mode control, Non-smooth model.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Achieving customer satisfaction by booking electronic flight tickets via the Internet of Things technology
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Abstract:

                The aim of this research is to highlight the importance of achieving customer satisfaction by using information technology and Internet networks in the process of purchasing flight tickets, and switching from the traditional method of purchasing and payment operations to the electronic method, to reduce the financial and non-financial risks associated with the traditional purchasing process, as well as saving time, effort and costs for the customer. The researcher used the deductive approach in linking the variables (achieving customer satisfaction and Internet of Things technology for booking electronic tickets)

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Nurses' Practices toward the Control of Patients’ Complications at the Respiratory Care Unit in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals
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Objective(s): To evaluate nurses' practices who work in respiratory intensive care units to control the
complications of patients admitted at this unit and determine the relationship between nurses' sociodemographic
characteristics and their practices.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out at Respiratory Care Unit at Baghdad teaching hospitals that
started from February 22th, 2013 to August 30th, 2013. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (70) nurses who
work in Respiratory Care Unit was selected from Baghdad teaching hospitals. The data were collected through the
use of constructed questionnaire that consists of two parts; (l) Demographic data form that consists of 7items and
(2) nurses' practice form

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Chemical Methodologies
A Novel Design for Gas Sensor of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Prepared by Hydrothermal Annealing Technique
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Scopus (13)
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Publication Date
Thu Sep 05 2013
Journal Name
Eng. & Tech. Journal
Snubber Network Design for Triac Driving Single – Phase Industrial Heater by Applying Fuzzy Logic Method
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Power switches require snubbing networks for driving single – phase industrial heaters. Designing these networks, for controlling the maximum allowable rate of rise of anode current (di/dt) and excessive anode – cathode voltage rise (dv/dt) of power switching devices as thyristors and Triacs, is usually achieved using conventional methods like Time Constant Method (TCM), resonance Method (RM), and Runge-Kutta Method (RKM). In this paper an alternative design methodology using Fuzzy Logic Method (FLM) is proposed for designing the snubber network to control the voltage and current changes. Results of FLM, with fewer rules requirements, show the close similarity with those of conventional design methods in such a network of a Triac drivin

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 09 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Optical Design of Laser Zoom Beam Expander at near & far Ranges for Tracked Atmospheric Target
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In this research, beam expander, BEX, is explained and designed for illuminating the
remote flying target. The BEX is optically designed to be suited for Nd:YAG laser of given
specifications. The BEX is modified to be zoom one to meet the conditions of preventing the
receiving unit; i.e the photodetector, from getting saturated at near and far laser tracking.
Decollimation could be achieved by automatic motor, which controls zoom lens of the BEX
according to the required expansion ratio of beam expander

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 25 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Design and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Eye Drops Containing VRN for Ocular Drug Delivery
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As a well-known oral and intravenous antifungal, voriconazole (VRN) has an extensive history of usage in the medical field. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been produced to treat ocular fungal keratitis in the eye. A 32Box-behnken design was used to produce a variety of new formulas for hot-melt extrusion. The SLNs were evaluated by entrapment efficiency (EE percent), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). A series of in-vitro and in-vivo studies were carried out on the new formula. The produced vesicles’ EE, PS, PDI, and ZP values were all good. SLNs eye drops were numerically adjusted to include carbopol, a stabilizer, lipids, and a surfactant, among other substances. ZP of -36.5 ± 0.20 m

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Appraisal of intelligent notification system for smart university campus based internet of objects for social activities
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 06 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Dribbling Tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The game of football is one of the most popular games in the world because of its beauty in the hearts of its fans. From this position, the game of five football for people with simple mental disability has become as much attention to many other sporting events, so the researchers believe that the tests of basic skills match the level of individuals tested In terms of their age and mental ability, the technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting those who are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so the importance of the research problem in designing and standardizing two dribbling skating tests for members of this category and It depends by training their cadres during the selection process. The research community

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
Designing and Standardizing two Passing tests for the Initial selection of Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities In Futsal
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The five-a- Side Soccer for people with a minor mental disability has become as important as many other sporting events. Therefore, the researcher considers that the basic skills tests are suited to the level of the tested individuals in terms of their age and mental ability. The technical aspects were adopted as a means of selecting from They are qualified to practice this game in the simplest form, so show the importance of the problem of research through the design and codification of two tests of handling skills belonging to this category and adopted by the training cadres during the selection process. The research community for people with minor mental disabilities determines the male category of the mental and social disability instit

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Aeroelastic Flutter of Subsonic Aircraft Wing Section with Control Surface
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Aeroelastic flutter in aircraft mechanisms is unavoidable, essentially in the wing and control surface. In this work a three degree-of-freedom aeroelastic wing section with trailing edge flap is modeled numerically and theoretically. FLUENT code based on the steady finite volume is used for the prediction of the steady aerodynamic characteristics (lift, drag, pitching moment, velocity, and pressure distribution) as well as the Duhamel formulation is used to model the aerodynamic loads theoretically. The system response (pitch, flap pitch and plunge) was determined by integration the governing equations using MATLAB with a standard Runge–Kutta algorithm in conjunction with Henon’s method. The results are compared with

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