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Catalytic Cracking of Iraqi Vacuum Gasoil Using Large and Medium Pore Size of Zeolite Catalysts
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Abstract 

The catalytic cracking conversion of Iraqi vacuum gas oil was studied on large and medium pore size (HY, HX, ZSM-22 and ZSM-11) of zeolite catalysts. These catalysts were prepared locally and used in the present work. The catalytic conversion performed on a continuous fixed-bed laboratory reaction unit. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 673 to 823K, pressure range of 3 to 15bar, and LHSV range of 0.5-3h-1. The results show that the catalytic conversion of vacuum gas oil increases with increase in reaction temperature and decreases with increase in LHSV. The catalytic activity for the proposed catalysts arranged in the following order:

HY>HX>ZSM-11>ZSM-22

The product distribution depends greatly on the temperature and on the catalyst type. A higher hydrocarbon yields was obtained for HY zeolite catalyst. The selectivity towards high octane number compounds for the proposed catalysts are arranged in the following order:

HY>HX>ZSM-11>ZSM-22The cracking conversion is improved by increasing reaction pressure up to 15 bar. The simulated experiments of the catalytic cracking process show that the higher conversion and more desired products can be achieved to conventional feeds.

Keywords: catalytic cracking, vacuum gas oil, Zeolite, HY, HX, ZSM-11, ZSM-22.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of Models (NAGARCH & APGARCH) by Using Simulations
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Simulation experiments are a means of solving in many fields, and it is the process of designing a model of the real system in order to follow it and identify its behavior through certain models and formulas written according to a repeating software style with a number of iterations. The aim of this study is to build a model  that deals with the behavior suffering from the state of (heteroskedasticity) by studying the models (APGARCH & NAGARCH) using (Gaussian) and (Non-Gaussian) distributions for different sample sizes (500,1000,1500,2000) through the stage of time series analysis (identification , estimation, diagnostic checking and prediction). The data was generated using the estimations of the parameters resulting f

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 17 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Exploration And Production Technology
Characterization of flow units, rock and pore types for Mishrif Reservoir in West Qurna oilfield, Southern Iraq by using lithofacies data
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Abstract<p>This study has been accomplished by testing three different models to determine rocks type, pore throat radius, and flow units for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna oilfield in Southern Iraq based on Mishrif full diameter cores from 20 wells. The three models that were used in this study were Lucia rocks type classification, Winland plot was utilized to determine the pore throat radius depending on the mercury injection test (r35), and (FZI) concepts to identify flow units which enabled us to recognize the differences between Mishrif units in these three categories. The study of pore characteristics is very significant in reservoir evaluation. It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid prope</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 10 2014
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Embryos And Infertility Researches
Assessment of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development using SMART medium enriched with coenzyme Q10
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Back ground: Zygote produce from once a sperm fertilizes an egg cell. Then, the zygote (unicellular) will begin chain of cellular cleavages to produce multicellular mass, its embryo, the differentiated to different tissues and organism. The development of the embryo is called embryogenesis. Coenzyme Q10, is an antioxidant produced in the body. It boosts cellular energy and may enhance the immune system. CoQ10 is present and measurable in seminal fluid, the concentration of CoQ10 directly correlates with both sperm count and motility. It is beneficial in the prevention and treatment a wide range of health problems. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using coenzyme Q10 to improve in vitro fertilization (

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 19 2024
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Hydroisomerization of n-hexane over Pt/TiO2 catalysts
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One of the most important processes to obtain gasoline with high octane numbers is isomerization. In this paper, Pt/TiO2 was prepared successfully by using the sol–gel method by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide as a titania source with ethanol and then platinum was loaded on the synthesized catalyst; the result shows that the sample prepared has a good crystallinity with a surface area of about 85 m2 /g and a pore volume of 0.1938 cm3 /g, while XRD shows that the prepared sample was anatase phase. The efect of both temperature and liquid hourly space velocity of the prepared catalyst was achieved by hydroisomerization of n-hexane in a fxed bed reactor with a temperature of 200–275 °C and LHSV 0.5–2h−1. The results show

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Using a novel approach to determine the pore pressure of West Qurna 15 oil well in South of Iraq
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Pore pressure means the pressure of the fluid filling the pore space of formations. When pore pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure, it is named abnormal pore pressure or overpressure. When abnormal pressure occurred leads to many severe problems such as well kick, blowout during the drilling, then, prediction of this pressure is crucially essential to reduce cost and to avoid drilling problems that happened during drilling when this pressure occurred. The purpose of this paper is the determination of pore pressure in all layers, including the three formations (Yamama, Suliay, and Gotnia) in a deep exploration oil well in West Qurna field specifically well no. WQ-15 in the south of Iraq. In this study, a new appro

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The causal relationship between debt size and Economic value added With contrast of the Frim Size
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Abstract

       The research aims to identify  the  nature of  the relationship between the level of debt used  and economic  value  added  of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange under the Contrast sizes of these companies , The research addressed the theoretical concepts associated with each of the debt financing , economic added value and Organization size With the use of financial techniques in the practical side to measure these variables, The research community Represent of  the shareholding companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange with a choice of intentionally sample of 24 joint stock companies representing&nbsp

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 08 2022
Journal Name
V. International Scientific Congress Of Pure, Applied And Technological Sciences
The effect of background vacuum pressure on the length of gas discharge plasma by using Aluminum electrodes
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Length of plasma generated by dc gas discharge under different vacuum pressures was studied experimentally. The cylindrical discharge tube of length 2m was evacuated under vacuum pressure range (0.1-0.5) mbar at constant external working dc voltage 1500V. It was found that the plasma length (L) increased exponentially with increasing of background vacuum air pressure. Empirical equation has been obtained between plasma length and gas pressure by using Logistic model of curve fitting. As vacuum pressure increases the plasma length increases due to collisions, ionizations, and diffusions of electrons and ions.

Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Temperature on Gas and Liquid Products Distribution in Thermal Cracking of Nigerian Bitumen
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The increasing population growth resulting in the tremendous increase in consumption of fuels, energy, and petrochemical products and coupled with the depletion in conventional crude oil reserves and production make it imperative for Nigeria to explore her bitumen reserves so as to meet her energy and petrochemicals needs. Samples of Agbabu bitumen were subjected to thermal cracking in a tubular steel reactor operated at 10 bar pressure to investigate the effect of temperature on the cracking reaction. The gas produced was analyzed in a Gas Chromatograph while the liquid products were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Heptane was the dominant gas produced in bitumen cracking at all temperatures and the r

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Experimental study for the properties of Fe3O4 dusty plasma using the air in vacuum chamber system
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In this work, we carried out an experimental study of thedusty
plasma by taking the dust material Fe3O4 with radius of the any grain
0.1μm - 0.5μm. In experiment we use air in the vacuum chamber
system under different low pressure (0.1-1) Torr. The results
illustrated that the present of dust particles in the air plasma did not
effect on Paschen minimum which is 0.5 without dust and with Fe3O4
dusty grains.
The effect of Fe3O4 dust particles on plasma parameters can be
notice in direct current system in glow discharge region. The plasma
parameters which were studied in this work represent plasma
potential, floating potential,electron saturation current, temperatu

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Kinetic Study of Catalytic Hexane Isomerization
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The isomerization of n-hexane on platinum loaded acidic zeolite was studied at atmospheric pressure, H2/nC6 molar ratios of 1-4 and temperature range of 240-270ºC. The measured kinetic data were fitted to an equation based on the bifunctional mechanism and by using independently obtained dehydrogenation and adsorption data. The activation energies of protonation (ΔHpro) and the elementary isomerization step (Eact,iso) and as well as the corresponding preexponential factor were simultaneously determined. The observed values of both ΔHpro and Eact,iso are in agreement with the results of quantum-chemical calculations.

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