Preparation of identical independent photons is the core of many quantum applications such as entanglement swapping and entangling process. In this work, Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment was performed to evaluate the degree of indistinguishability between independent photons generated from two independent weak coherent sources working at 640 nm. The visibility was 46%, close to the theoretical limit of 50%. The implemented setup can be adopted in quantum key distribution experiments carried out with free space as the channel link, as all the devices and components used are operative in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The study addresses the problem of stagnation and declining economic growth rates in Arab countries since the eighties till today after the progress made by these countries in the sixties of the last century. The study reviews the e

In this work, the effect of different particle size on the nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles in de-ionized water was studied. The experimental observation of the far field diffraction patterns by CCD camera in two and three dimensions. The maximum change of nonlinear refractive index and the relative phase shift were calculated. The self-defocusing technique was used with a continuous-wave radiation from DPSS Blue laser .The wavelength is 473 nm with an output power of 270 mW. All the Ag colloids samples containing the sizes 15, 30, 50, and 70 nm of silver nanoparticles used in the study were chemically prepared. It was found that the nonlinear refractive index is a particle size dependent and of the order of 10-7 cm2/

Magical realism potential bulwark plastic art and literature، and won great fame and Research cash innumerable، and like other currents of literary found his outlet in the art of cinema، quoted cinema of literature magical realism and influenced his concepts، and Arab cinema، it was necessary to have a vulnerability to stream، either Tools employing magical realism، unintentionally since the early beginnings dating back to the time of World Wars I and II، or in deliberate more mature in the twenty-first century، due to the emergence of film-makers more aware and culture، and more friction global currents.

      But this raises a number of problems that need to be addressed from the maker of

This topic is considered to be of a high degree of importance to every Muslim, and its importance is due to the fact that monotheism is:

Prove that God Almighty is the God who created everything and everything opposite to monotheism is polytheism, and it is taking other than God Almighty as a deity.

Therefore, we have to know the concept of God. If he is known, then he knows the concept of monotheism and the concept of polytheism

وظائف الدولة (في الفكر السياسي العربي الاسلامي)

ٕ ضٞظ٤ق جالْطٌٞز ك٢ جالوخ هى ظٍٜ ً٘ٓ ظٌٜٞ جالوخ جٗٞ٤ُح٢ٗ جُوىْ٣ ، جي ضؼى ٌجكىج ٜٔٓح ُالوخ ذحؾحٚٓٗ جُٔهطِلس ؛ قط٠ أٚركص جُ٘ٞٛ٘ جٍُٓو٣س جُكى٣ػس ٝ جُٔؼحٍٚز ، ال ٌٜ٘ٔ٣ح ضكو٤ن ٖؼ٣ٍطٜح ٝ ٓطؼطٜح وٕٝ جالْطِٜحّ ٖٓ جألْطٌٞز ذ٘حت٤ح أٝ ك٣ٌٍح ، ًُج كوى ض٘حٍٝ جُركع ذىٌٙٝ ضٞظ٤ق جْطٌٞز ٕٖٞٗٔ جُطٌٞجض٤س ، ٢ٛٝ ٖٓ جالْحٍ٤٠ جُط٢ ٝؾىش قٌٟٞج ك٢ جالوخ جُؼح٢ُٔ ٝجُؼر١ٍ .جي ئٕ ضٞظ٤لٜح ك٢ جالوخ ٣ؼطٜ٤ح ذؼىج ٤ٓطحك٣ُ٤وح ٝجنٍ جٓٗح٢ٗ ٣ؿٔغ ك٢

The God Almighty prefer on the Arab nation, and entrusted to carry his message to the secular world as a whole, , gave her all necessities of life in terms of location, who are the heart in the earth's surface. From this blessed place emerged the greatest civilizations and the world has ever known for it than in human history, a four empires Alsamyat