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METHODS OF MEASURING THE LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN NEWS HEADLINES: (Drawn from the doctoral thesis)
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Measuring the level of communicative competence in news headlines and the level of stylistic and semantic processing in its formulation requires creating a quantitative scale based on the bases on building the scales and their standards. As judging by scientific of journalism studies lies in the possibility of quantifying the journalistic knowledge, i.e. the ability of this knowledge to shift from qualitative language to its equivalent in the language of numbers.

News headlines and editorial processing are one of the journalistic knowledges that should be studied, analyzed stylistically and semantically; their conclusions drawn and expressed in numbers. Press knowledge is divided into two types:

First: Knowledges related to the means element means the newspaper, whether a newspaper or magazine.

Second: Knowledges related to the sender, message, receiver, echo or impact elements. The news headline measure to be developed depends on the division of these types of journalistic knowledge according to the elements of the communication process. It measures the efficiency of each of its components as follows:

  1. Stylistic and semantic measurement of the media message in the form of news headlines: It includes a set of mathematical equations that adopt the ratio and proportionality system developed by the researcher for the purpose of accomplishing the measurement of the effectiveness of the headlines published in newspapers and their level of communication efficiency. This measurement represents the press knowledge related to the element of the message.
  2. Measure the level of communication skills of press editors with regard to stylistic and semantic processing in formulating the news headlines using the test model prepared by the researcher for the purpose of completing this measurement of twenty questions and each question estimate five grades.

In this light, the degree of drafting skill of news editors is determined. And this measurement represents journalistic knowledge related to the sender's element. Communication skill is matched by craft and intelligence. It means upgrading the meanings positively, excitement and conciseness in order to reach balance with the form of the method used; and to provide meaning in harmony and rhythm.

Communication skills mean writing and speaking skills on the one hand; and reading and listening skills on the other hand, i.e. the ability of the writer or speaker as the sender or source to choose linguistic and non-linguistic symbols; as well as the ability of the recipient to convert the symbols received to meanings he/ she can understand and grasp. This process is called coding skills.

  1. Determining the preference of the formulas in the news headlines resulting from the treatment taken by the editor that achieve the means of attracting attention and interest of the reader using the semantic differentiation form prepared by the researcher to identify the preference of the formulations used in the headlines of the readers that attract their attention and interest in the news. This measurement represents journalistic knowledge related to the elements of the future and echo.
  2. Identifying the newspapers whose titles are subject to the study according to the research plan and objectives; measuring the efficiency of drafting the titles; and presenting and diagnosing the type of journalism school to which it belongs. This measurement represents journalistic knowledge related to the instrument element.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Chemistry And Materials Research
Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Antimicrobial Activities Co(II),Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II),Cd(II) and Hg(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes of L- Alanine and Trimethoprim Antibiotic
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The Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 25 2012
Journal Name
Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activities Of Some Metal (ii) Heterocyclic Polyamine Complexes With 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) Bis(2- Amino-6-methyl-6h-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) Ligand.
Synthesis, characterization and Antibacterial activities of some metal (II) heterocyclic polyamine complexes with 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) bis(2-amino-6-methyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) ligand.
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 10 2017
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial Evaluation for mixed-ligand Complexes of Nickle (II), Manganese(II), Copper( II),Cobalt(II) and Mercury(II) with Tetradentate Schiff base and 1,10-phenanthroline
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An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, Schiff base ligand (L) was prepared by the reaction of 4-aminantipyrine with o-phenylenediamine, the prepared ligand characterized by Micro elemental Analysis, FT. IR, UV-Vis, and 1H,13C-NMR spectroscopy.complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) with Schiff base and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) have been investigated in aqueous ethanol with (1:1:1) (M:L:Phen). The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C. H. N) Analysis, FT. IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the octahedral structure was suggested for all complexes. The biological screening effects o

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2013
Journal Name
Advances In Physics Theories And Applications
Adsorption Study of Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] on Granulated Initiated Calcined Iraqi Montmorillonite via Columnar Method.
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The adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monol

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2024
Journal Name
Energy Storage
Comprehensive Study of <scp>PAN</scp>‐<scp>NaBF<sub>4</sub></scp> Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Insights Into Optical, Structural, Thermal, Electrical, and Electrochemical Properties for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
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ABSTRACT<p>This research explores the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as a conductive medium for sodium ions in sodium‐ion batteries, presenting a possible alternative to traditional lithium‐ion battery technology. The researchers prepare SPEs with varying molecular weight ratios of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF<sub>4</sub>) using a solution casting method with dimethyl formamide as the solvent. Through optical absorbance measurements, we identified the PAN:NaBF<sub>4</sub> (80:20) SPE composition as having the lowest energy band gap value (4.48 eV). This composition also exhibits high thermal stability based on thermogravimetric analysis results. </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon May 15 2023
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
كاریگەری ستراتیژییەتی بەستن و ڕاكێشان لەسەر دەسكەوتی فێرخوازانی پۆلی هەشتەمی بنەڕەتی له بابەتی زمان و ئەدەبی كوردیدا/ اثر استراتيجية الشد والجذب في تحصيل طلاب الصف الثامن الاساسي في مادة اللغة والادب
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 05 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Synthesis, characterization, experimental and theoretical structure of novel Dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylkN3] pyridine-kN})metal(II) compounds, metal ¼ Mn, Co and Ni
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The syntheses, characterizations and structures of three novel dichloro(bis{2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3]pyridine-κN})metal(II), [M(L)2Cl2], complexes (metal = Mn, Co and Ni) are presented. In the solid state the molecules are arranged in infinite hydrogen-bonded 3D supramolecular structures, further stabilized by weak intermolecular π…π interactions. The DFT results for all the different spin states and isomers of dichloro(bis{2-[1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-κN3]pyridine-κN})metal(II) complexes, [M(L1)2Cl2], support experimental measurements, namely that (i) d5 [Mn(L1)2Cl2] is high spin with S = 5/2; (ii) d7 [Co(L1)2Cl2] has a spin state of S = 3/2, (iii) d8 [Ni(L1)2Cl2] has a spin state of S =

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2024
Journal Name
Nasaq
Types and functions of comparisons (based on Russian and Arabic phraseological units) Типы и функции сравнений (на материале русских и арабских фразеологизмов) انواع ووظائف المقارنات )في االمثال الروسية والعربية
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Comparison is the most common and effective technique for human thinking: the human mind always judges something new based on its comparison with similar things that are already known. Therefore, literary comparisons are always clear and convincing. In our daily lives, we are constantly forced to compare different things in terms of quantity, quality, or other aspects. It is known that comparisons are used in literature in order for speech to be clear and effective, but when these comparisons are used in everyday speech, it is in order to convey the meaning directly and quickly, because many of these expressions used daily are comparisons. In our research, we discussed this comparison as a means of metaphor and expression in Russia

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2025
Journal Name
Chemical Review And Letters
Synthesis, structural characterization, biological evaluation and industrial application of (E)-4-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one and its metal complexes
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The reaction of 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one with one equivalent of 4-chlorophenol by coupling reaction afforded (E)-4-((5-chloro-2- hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one. Then azo ligand was characterize using spectroscopic studies ( FTIR,UV-Vis, 1H and 13CNMR, Mass) also micro-elemental analysiz (C.H.N.O). Transition metal chelation with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was investigated, revealing 1:2 metal-to-ligand stoichiometry with octahedral geometry. The biological, and industrial application for the azo ligand and it is complexes were evaluated, demonstrating antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains, with the Zn(II) complex exhibiting superior inhibition. Additionally,

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2012
Journal Name
Advances In Physics Theories And Applications
Synthesis, Characterization, And Antibacterial Activities Of Manganese (II), Cobalt(II), Iron (II), Nickel (II) , zinc (II) And Cadmium(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes Containing Amino Acid(L-Valine) And Saccharin
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new six mixed ligand complexes of some transition metal ions Manganese (II), Cobalt(II), Iron (II), Nickel (II) , and non transition metal ion zinc (II) And Cadmium(II) with L-valine (Val H ) as a primary ligand and Saccharin (HSac) as a secondary ligands have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized by molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared, electronic spectral, Elemental microanalysis (C.H.N) and AA . The complexes with the formulas [M(Val)2(HSac)2] M= Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co(II) ,Ni(II), Cu (II),Zn(II) and Cd(II) L- Val H= (C5H11NO2) , C7H5NO3S The study shows that these complexes have octahedral geometry; The metal complexes have been screened for their in microbiological activities against bacteria.

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