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NEW ENVIRONMENT FOR COMMUNICATION OR ECHO MEDIA THROUGH : “Citizen Journalism”
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Since the beginning of this century, a new communication map has been formed that foretells to get mankind to enter into a media environment in which the media is mixed with communication, which is technically and even intellectually known as integration.

This environment and its features are no different from the environment in its natural physical incision. If the level and temperature in the physical nature is a specific issue in the natural ecological balance, the level of freedoms, especially the transfer of information and views and circulation in society is also a determinant in the extent of media balance in the world on the one hand and in each country on the other.

There is also a special environment for nature, there is today another parallel environment called the environment of ideas and news and their media and methods of circulation. The transformation of the media from analog to digital and from hierarchical to networked has created a new environment for the exchange of news and views that can be termed ‘echo media’ or the new media and communication environment.

From journalism of a journalist to state journalism across public journalism ending with citizen journalism, the new conversation since the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century is social media journalism. To embarrass the major TVs, radio, newspapers and magazines with a long history, we have, as obligatory and necessary for the environmental balance of all those pages on Facebook and all those videos on YouTube, to unite in an unprecedented virtual publishing movement. Here is an example from mother nature: “To disturb one elephant, all the ants of the earth should unite.” The media translation for this quotation is to embarrass television such as Al Jazeera or CNN, thousands of Facebook pages and YouTube videos must also unite.

The new media environment raises the need to examine the balance of the media environment. This is done by examining the new relationship between freedom of speech and diversity in the media environment. Here, we have to wonder how freedom of speech can be preserved, old newspapers are shut down, and websites to which navigating is paid.

How to ensure media diversity and the media market is controlled by dozens of Western intercontinental media companies?

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
English Influence of Workplace Incivility on Psychological Well-being of Nurses in the Southern of Iraq
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Abstract

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to find the influence level of nursing incivility on psychological well-being among nurses in southeastern Iraq.

Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, a convenience sample of 250 nurses working in three government hospitals in Missan province in the south of Iraq were surveyed using the nursing incivility scale (NIS) and Ryff's psychological well-being scale (PWB) from November 2021, to July 2022. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was done to analyze the multivariate effect of workplace incivility on the psychological well-being of nurses.

Results: The study results show a

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 17 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
(دراسة تحليلية): ( A field study )
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The research aimed to identify the effects of the modern of technology on translating the media term from English language to Arabic. and try to identify the use of the impact of foreign media terminologies on the Arabic media term, and to know the effect of the translation process on Arabic media terminologies.

This research is considered an analytical study by using survey study for 111 items and the results for the study as following:

1.High percentage of the (use of foreign terms work to low the level of production) was (68.13%) and average 3.55

2.The percentage of (The multiplicity of translation of the foreign term into Arabic effects on the opinions and cognitive ideas of the Arab researcher and affects the

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
TV planning and ways to deal with space developments
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The quote of a Canadian communication scientist (Marshall McLuhan) (“The world has become an electronic village”) has become an archaic information compared to the great and rapid development of communication in the last two decades of the 20th century and what will happen later in the 21st century, to the extent that the world is called, thanks to the internet, a “Small screen” and this fact is a sign of the great progress that has been made in this field. As for the other statement of the Canadian communication scientist mentioned before “the medium itself, is the message”, it has been renewed and developed in its meaning and it’s purpose. Each new technical development in the means of communication necessarily means a me

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Computing
Twitter Location-Based Data: Evaluating the Methods of Data Collection Provided by Twitter Api
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Twitter data analysis is an emerging field of research that utilizes data collected from Twitter to address many issues such as disaster response, sentiment analysis, and demographic studies. The success of data analysis relies on collecting accurate and representative data of the studied group or phenomena to get the best results. Various twitter analysis applications rely on collecting the locations of the users sending the tweets, but this information is not always available. There are several attempts at estimating location based aspects of a tweet. However, there is a lack of attempts on investigating the data collection methods that are focused on location. In this paper, we investigate the two methods for obtaining location-based dat

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 26 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
University youth attitudes towards mobile phone Companies advertisements in Social networking sites): :(Facebook as sample
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The advertising has emerged as an effective force and an effective instrument upon with all organizations and companies depend on achieving their goals. In additional to the need to use promote sales, The nature and objective of advertising go beyond the scope of specific personal communication to a broader and more effective range for consumers from multiple groups and combination play need to use as well as the need to use means of communication than com convey the message more professional, The coincides with the rapid and remarkable development of all different media technologies and as much as possible social networking sites including mobile phone companies. The advertising has emerged as an effective force and an effective instrum

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
PRESS COVERAGE OF CRISES: (A Research Drawn from a Doctoral Thesis)
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Media is one of the main and effective factors; and it is a tool of crisis management equipment. Media is one of the most dangerous, effective and decisive weapons in modern conflicts; a tool for making events and influencing their events and trends as a means of reporting as the enormous capabilities of media which help media to move very quickly, and cross borders; and overcome obstacles, through many means of audio, reading and visual. As its ability, moreover, to influence the psychological and intellectual control of communities, and behaviors.

Intelligent media is, then, used in crises management and coverage. Crises have been existed with the presence of man on Earth. Thei

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 01 2025
Journal Name
مجلة الترجمة واللسانيات
A Linguistic Study of Russian and American Accusations over Ukraine دراسة لغوية للاتهامات الروسية والامريكية حول اوكرانيا
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This study presents a linguistic analysis of how Russian and American mainstream media and official statements deployed speech acts of accusation during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Using Speech Act Theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1976) as the framework. The study analyzes 50 texts of English-language official statements and media headlines from both sides. In this research utterances are categorized into assertives, expressives, directives, commissives, and declarations, and analyzes their pragmatic force in shaping narratives. The analysis reveals contrasts in tone and rhetorical strategy: U.S. officials and media overwhelmingly use assertive accusations and expressive condemnations to morally indict Russia, while Russian counterpa

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
Problems of Social Networking Sites in Nurturing the Aesthetic Taste of Teenagers: زهراء صبحي خزعل
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With the growing number of Internet users, public and private arts activities have become increasingly popular. Adolescents have begun to establish aesthetic taste and new cultural values. This category is the most affected one by the published images and ideas especially in the social networking space and specifically the Facebook. It is the most important problem in their cultural composition. This research aims to detect the problems of social networking sites in nurturing the aesthetic taste of adolescents. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach to obtain accurate information describing the current situation or depicting the social reality of adolescents. The research concluded that the public discourse in social med

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Internet and its Applications in Spreading Rumors
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The study tries to answer several questions posed by the subject, one of the important: How the Internet promotes rumor? And what are the most Internet applications that promote rumor? And the practical ways to reduce these negative? Using the process of in vestige and reading theoretical heritage available in this field, and inferred the numbers and statistics marked the uses of the Internet and its applications over recent years, and the characteristics of each these tools in the field of collection, processing, and dissemination of information

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Arab Blogosphere and the Strategies of Self-Building and Diary
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Basically, media studies focused on the important role of the blogs in boosting the democratic process in the Arab States. Blogs also worked on creating an alternative media for the public that maintained freedom of expression. However, media studies ignored the status of the blogs in the social and cultural fields.
The current study tries to tackle the socio-cultural dimensions of the blogs by means of showing how the blogs construct the self. The researcher is going to conduct interviews with the bloggers. He will also carry out a semiotic analysis that may reveal the strategies used by the bloggers. Besides, he tries to identify the realistic and traditional frames in which the social relationships are buil

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