There is confusion between the concept of honesty and credibility arguing that their meaning is the same. ‘Credibility; is derived from the truth which means evidence of honesty, while ‘honesty’ means not lying and matching reality. The study of credibility begins globally at the end of the fifties of the second millennium to see the decline and refrain from reading newspapers, while it was studied in the Arab world in 1987. Global studies find several meanings of the concept of ‘credibility’ such as accuracy, completeness, transfer facts, impartiality, balance, justice, objectivity, trust, honesty, respect the freedom of individuals and community, and taking into account the traditions and norms.
Credibility has two dimensions: the credibility of the newspapers that deals with readers, and the credibility of journalism dealing with the source. There are three levels of ratification: initial ratification, ratification stemming from the content-communication, and final ratification.
The research concludes that there are four levels of credibility:
1- Level one represents the credibility of various media means
2- Level two measures the credibility of media tools
3- Level three focuses on discrimination and differentiation among media means by making a comparison between the traditional media and new technological one.
4- Level four measures audiences’ awareness of the ratification of media.
The importance of the study sheds light on a strong or weak decline in the credibility of the press or TV or online journalism, as well as on the strong competition among various media. The researcher finds that there are many factors affect the credibility; some is related to the source or means or communicator or the existing content or the importance of the study.
The research problem consisted in answering the question that revolves around what is the impact of localizing employees’ salaries on bank deposits, and did it lead to an increase in their size? The research also aimed to nominate some initial solutions to improve the role of salary localization, in terms of reviewing the concept of electronic payment systems, its tools and channels, and then identifying the concept of salary localization, its importance, objectives and obstacles to its application, and then analyzing the reality of the state of localization of salaries and bank deposits to banks, the research sample for the period (2017- 2021), and the use of the statistical program (SPSS V25) to test the research hypotheses. The stud
... Show MoreVariable selection in Poisson regression with high dimensional data has been widely used in recent years. we proposed in this paper using a penalty function that depends on a function named a penalty. An Atan estimator was compared with Lasso and adaptive lasso. A simulation and application show that an Atan estimator has the advantage in the estimation of coefficient and variables selection.
A mathematical model is developed which predicates the performance of cylindrical ion exchange bed involving comparing of axial dispersion model for cation exchange column with different assumption, this model permits the performance to predicate the residence time within the bed with the variance, axial dispersion and Pecklet No. to indicated deviation from plug flow model.
Two type of systems are chosen for positive ions first with divalent ions (Ca+2) to exchange with resin of Na+1form used as application in water softener units and second with monovalent ions (Na+1) to exchange with resin of H+1 form used as application in deionize water units &n
... Show MoreResearch includes evaluation of projects implemented and which entered into trial operation period in accordance with the evaluation criteria and of (cost, quality and time) to determine the size deviations gap for the sample of projects during the years of assessment (2011-2012-2013-2014) of each of the three evaluation criteria, and then followed by a calculation the size of the overall gap to the problem based on the research problem to determine deviations from the specific implementation of each project by answering several questions to answer turns out the reasons for these deviations occur.
The importance of research Focus on the evaluation of received projects from contractors executing the projec
... Show MoreThe Accommodation industry in Iraq suffers from many problems, especially after 2003, when the Accommodation industry was exposed to many crises due to the security and political situation in Iraq, which negatively affected the administrative operations inside the industry and created many problems, the most important of which are deterioration, high costs and poor performance, so some hotel administrations sought To find alternative solutions that help in the advancement of hotels, one of the proposals is to go to technology, as technology is currently one of the most important solutions to solve large complex problems, as the world has turned to automation to solve complex problems such as increasing production, reducing costs, and rai
... Show MoreThe current research aims to determine the role of strategic leadership in achieving organizational excellence. In this context the sample of the research consist of 123 managers .The research problem can be summarized as {what is the role of strategic leadership in achieving organizational excellence}which resulted in a number of sub-questions and its goal was to explain the theoretical philosophy and intellectual expositions of this variables because of they are vital variables imposed by the current situation. To achieve research objectives we had use the questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information after verifying the validity and dependency of the measures. A number of statistical techniques and tools had been use
... Show MoreBecome organizations today can not withstand the competitive challenges and constant change in the business environment , as well as the pressures witnessed by the Iraqi environment , especially in recent years such as the opening of the market which increased ambitious organizations and desire to secure the experiences superior to the survival and expansion of the competitive environment , prompting attention to the subject of vital contemporary is emotional Marketing and measure its impact on the customer experience in the sector of the economy is important and is the financial sector , so there is a need to study this term in the Iraqi organizations and try to diagnose the extent of implementation of the study sample emo
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