Abstract-Servo motors are important parts of industry automation due to their several advantages such as cost and energy efficiency, simple design, and flexibility. However, the position control of the servo motor is a difficult task because of different factors of external disturbances, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. To tackle these challenges, an adaptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) is proposed, in which a novel bidirectional adaptive law is constructed to reduce the control chattering. The proposed control has three steps to be designed. Firstly, a full-order integral sliding manifold is designed to improve the servo motor position tracking performance, in which the reaching phase is eliminated to achieve the invariance of the ISMC in the motor system response. Secondly, the bidirectional adaptive law of the switching gain is proposed to mitigate the chattering. In the proposed bidirectional adaptive law, the switching gain varies depending on the system uncertainties, providing the high switching gain initially and then moving to the lowest value when sliding mode is achieved. As a result, not only the overestimation issues of monotonically adaptive law are resolved, but also the prior information of the disturbance upper bound is no longer required. Thirdly, by using the Lyapunov theorem, the stability of the controlled servo system is mathematically proved. Finally, simulation tests are conducted to confirm the superiority of tracking and robustness of the proposed control algorithm over existing control algorithms in terms of position-tracking responses and chattering reduction.
The current research aims to shed light on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which helps to report financial and non-financial information by economic units in general and listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in particular. The research was based on a main premise that apply the criteria of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) would provide useful information to users to help them make appropriate decisions. To achieve the goal of the research, the descriptive analysis method was used, and quantitative analysis was used. At the level of the descriptive analysis method, a desk survey was conducted. As for the quantitative analysis, it relied on applied data through a questionnaire form (Questioners) as a research tool, and the
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to show the extent of the impact of administrative coordination on municipal performance after the state’s tendency to implement administrative decentralization and transfer of powers (administrative, legal, financial, and technical) from the Federal Ministry (construction, housing, municipalities, and public works) to local governments (governorates), to meet local needs, And since the municipality is considered one of the local administrative institutions and most of its goal is to provide increased municipal services to citizens due to population growth and urban expansion of cities by coordinating their actions using their powers, and in order to address gaps i
... Show Moreيتطلب نظام الحماية الكاثودية للتيار القسري (ICCP) قياسات كميات منخفضة للغاية من الخصائص الكهربائية. استخدم العمل التجريبي الحالي وحدة مستشعر Adafruit INA219 للحصول على قيم الجهد والتيار وقدرة الحمل الافتراضي الذي يستهلك طاقة منخفضة جدًا تحاكي نظام ICCP. تكمن المشكلة الرئيسية في تكييف مستشعر INA219 مع بيئة LabVIEW بسبب عدم وجود مكتبة المستشعر هذا. تم تخصيص هذا العمل لتكييف وحدة استشعار Adafruit INA219 في بيئة LabVIEW من خلال إنشاء
... Show MoreSurvival analysis is widely applied to data that described by the length of time until the occurrence of an event under interest such as death or other important events. The purpose of this paper is to use the dynamic methodology which provides a flexible method, especially in the analysis of discrete survival time, to estimate the effect of covariate variables through time in the survival analysis on dialysis patients with kidney failure until death occurs. Where the estimations process is completely based on the Bayes approach by using two estimation methods: the maximum A Posterior (MAP) involved with Iteratively Weighted Kalman Filter Smoothing (IWKFS) and in combination with the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. While the other
... Show MoreThe measurement data of the raw water quality of Tigris River were statistically analyzed to measure the salinity value in relation to the selected raw water quality parameters. The analyzed data were collected from five water treatment plants (WTPs) assembled alongside of the Tigris River in Baghdad: Al-Karkh, Al-Karama, Al-Qadisiya, Al-Dora, and Al-Wihda for the period from 2015 to 2021. The selected parameters are total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature. The main objective of this research is to predicate a mathematical model using SPSS software to calculate the value of salinity along the river, in addition, the effect of electrical conductivi
The tactical side in application of offensive plans in basketball did not take a large in scientific research because it always change because it related in mental ability of players and for the condition of the game and researchers notice that from their followed a lot of games for Duhok basketball club in Iraq league. There is a problem that connected in games results it clears in weakness in application of offensive plans in all kind (man to man & zone defense & side ball plans & under basketball and half court). The goal of study concentrate by designing a sheet for som offensive plans for study and analysis to Duhok club on Asian Championship 2011 at the base the sample contained (Iraq Duhok & application science Jordan & Lebanon sport
... Show MoreIn this paper we introduce several estimators for Binwidth of histogram estimators' .We use simulation technique to compare these estimators .In most cases, the results proved that the rule of thumb estimator is better than other estimators.