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Immunohistochemical Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Astrocytic Tumors in Iraqi Patients
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BACKGROUND: Diffuse astrocytomas constitute the largest group of primary malignant human intracranial tumours. They are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three histological malignancy grades: diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV) based on histopathological features such as cellular atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in a variety of normal and malignant cells regulating critical cellular processes. When activated, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers several signalling cascades leading to increased proliferation and angiogenesis and decreased apoptosis and hence associated with aggressive progression of the tumour. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) level is known to be a strong indicator associated with the aggressive behaviour of the tumour and acts as a prognostic factor for evaluating the survival rate. AIM: To evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in different grades of astrocytoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic tumours of 44 patients were collected from the archival material of pathology department of Ghazi Al Hariri Teaching Hospital during the period from June to December 2018. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were used to characterise the tumours histologically based on cellularity, nuclear hyperchromasia, polymorphism, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation and necrosis with or without pseudopallisading of tumour cells. Diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumours in this study were made according to WHO criteria (2016). Using a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and immunohistochemical analysis, the expression and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytic tumours were examined. RESULTS: The study included 1 case pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), 20 cases diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), 5 cases anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and 18 cases of glioblastoma (grade IV). Expression of EGFR was found in 38.88% of the glioblastoma samples (grade IV). However, none of the astrocytomas of WHO grades I, II and III showed immunoreactivity for EGFR protein. Different patterns of immunoreactive cells and significant intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR expression were observed in glioblastomas. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was restricted only to high-grade astrocytic tumours, namely glioblastoma, thus may use to predict glioblastoma.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Implementation within strategic planning and its impact on banking service quality: (An applied research on a sample of Iraqi banks)
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In the midst of rapid changes and difficultiesand the tough competition faced by the Iraqi banks, it has become necessary to focus on a significant aspect of administrative work; that is strategic planning and the key role of implementation within this process in improving the banking service quality. It has emerged as a critical and main competitive weapon for distinguishing the services provided by banks from each other in an effort to participate in increasing market share of the bank in question in question; in its growth, continuation and profit increase.

The research has addressed the relation between the independent variable (implementation within strategic planning), and the dependent variable (banking service quality and

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 13 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Using Activated Carbon developed from Iraqi Date Palm Seeds as Permeable Reactive Barrier for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Copper
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The possibility of using activated carbon developed from date palm seeds wastes as a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) to remove copper from polluted shallow groundwater was investigated. The activated carbon has been developed from date palm seeds by dehydrating methods using concentrated sulfuric acid. Batch tests were performed to characterize the equilibrium sorption properties of new activated carbon in copper-containing aqueous solutions, while the sandy soil (aquifer) was assumed to be inert. Under the studied conditions, the Langmuir isotherm model gives a better fit for the sorption data of copper by activated carbon than other models. At a pilot scale, One-dimensional column experiments were performed, and an integrated model ba

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2024
Journal Name
وقائع المؤتمر العلمي الدولي السابع للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية
The Effect of Cartoons on The Acquisition of English by Iraqi Children اثر الرسوم المتحركة في اكتساب اللغة الانجليزية لدى الاطفال العراقييين
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Publication Date
Thu Jun 27 2019
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
RECORD OF THE BARNACLE OCTOLASMIS ANGULATA (AURIVILLIUS, 1894) FROM THE GILLS OF THE CRAB PORTUNUS SEGNIS (FORSKÅL, 1775) OFF IRAQI MARINE WATERS
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    Ten blue swimming crabs Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) were collected from the north west of the Arabian Gulf off the Iraqi marine waters from October to November 2017 at 29ᵒ 37′ N to 48ᵒ 47′ E.

     The barnacle Octolasmis angulata (Aurivillius, 1894) was found on the gills of the present species of crab, the mean incidence of infestation was 30%, while the mean Intensity of infestation was 12.3. The barnacle have a long and slim shaped calcareous plate with the presence of carina and the absence of tergum, in addition to the elongated shape of carina and scutum. The current study represents the first record of the barnacle O. angulata in the Ar

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 16 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Isolation and Structural Characterization of Quercetin 3-O-Rhamnoside and Essential oil Estimation from Leaves of Iraqi Cupressus sempervirens L (Conference Paper )#
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     Cupressus sempervirens L., Cupressaceae, that is known as evergreen cypress, Mediterranean cypress and in Arabic called “al -Sarw. It is an evergreen, medium sized, longevity, and wide distributed over all the world. The plant represents an important member of conifer plants which characterized with aromatic leaves and cones. Cupressus sempervirens have been ethnobotanical uses as an antiseptic, relief of cough, astringent, antispasmodic, wound healing and anti-inflammatory. Aims of this work are phytochemical analysis, isolation and structural identification of Quercitroside (quercitrin) and essential oil in Iraqi C. sempervirens. Isolation of quercitrin was

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Natural Sciences Research
Isolation and Characterization of Lignin from Iraqi Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera L. Frond Bases as a Good and Cheap Source of Lignin‏
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Modern Sport
The impact of the question network strategy in accordance with mental capacity in the strength of cognitive control in the subject of teaching methods of sports education for undergraduate students
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The study aimed at identifying the mental capacity of the research sample and classifying them for the purposes of the study, preparing the scale of cognitive control of the subject of teaching methods of sports education, preparing educational units by establishing the question network for the subject of the teaching methods of sports education, and adopting the experimental method by experimental design workers (2×2) for the two groups The limits of the research community are represented by third-stage students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science in the morning study of the College of Knowledge, the Community University, which continues in the regular working hours of the year (2019-2020) adult Their number

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of Islamic banks in facing the financial crisis in Iraq from 2012-2014
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The purpose of the research is to identify the role of Islamic banks in facing the financial crisis in Iraq for the period 2012-2014, and highlight the various factors that contributed to the emergence of the financial crisis, as well as to identify the problems and challenges facing the Islamic banking business in Iraq and identify the reasons and find appropriate solutions, And the development of treatments to avoid the occurrence of such problems and overcome them. The main findings of the research are as follows,Islamic banks (the sample of the study) were affected by the global financial crisis indirectly, as the financial crisis turned into an economic crisis affecting the real economy, because the activity of Islamic banks is more

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Publication Date
Sun May 05 2024
Journal Name
Technium Business And Management
Measuring Blue Ocean Leadership activities in public organizations: field research in the Ministry of Communications
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This study aims to identify the level of application of blue ocean leadership activities in public organizations and to build a conceptual and cognitive framework around this concept. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and the research sample consisted of (95) individuals from the senior management working at the center of the Iraqi Ministry of Communications (director general, department manager, section head). The data analysis technique used is structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicate that the senior management in the Ministry of Communications is working to adopt the blue ocean leadership style through its activities, but not to the leve

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of Copper and Lead and Study their Poisonous Effects in Drinking Water in Baghdad
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The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of copper and lead (mg/L) in drinking water by using absorption spectrophotometic and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometric method from different area in Baghdad and with different intervals , The results show that the concentration of copper and Lead ( mgL) in tap water which remains motionless in plumbing system for following periods one hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 7 days and 14 days are (1 , 2.2 , 4 , 5.3 , 7.5 , 10 and 16 mgL copper ) & ( 0.3, 0.5 , 0.8 , 1 , 2.5 , 3 , 3.8 mg /L lead ) respectively .from these results its clear that high levels of copper & Lead occur if tap water comes in contact with copper - lead plumbing and copper lead -containing fix

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