No. Due to their apparently extreme optical to X-ray properties, Narrow Line Seyfert 1s (NLSy1s) have been considered a special class of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Here, we summarize observational results from different groups to conclude that none of the characteristics that are typically used to define the NLSy1s as a distinct group – from the, nowadays called, Broad Line Seyfert 1s (BLSy1s) – is unique, nor ubiquitous of these particular sources, but shared by the whole Type 1 AGN. Historically, the NLSy1s have been distinguished from the BLSy1s by the narrow width of the broad Hb emission line. The upper limit on the full width at half maximum of this line is 2000kms−1 for NLSy1s, while in BLSy1s it can be of several thousands of kms−1. However, this border has been arbitrarily set and does not correspond to the change of any physical property. All observed parameters in Type 1 AGN cover continues ranges of values, which does not allow to infer the existence of two different kind of populations with FWHMHb,broad = 2000kms−1 as dividing point. We argue that the usage of this velocity limit to define samples of NLSy1s galaxies – as it is usually done in comparative studies –, together with the well known observational biases, naturally favors the selection of sources with low black hole masses and high Eddington ratios that are hosted by blue spiral galaxies. Therefore selection biases might be responsible for the reported differences between NLSy1 and BLSy1 sources.
A modification to cascaded single-stage distributed amplifier (CSSDA) design by using active inductor is proposed. This modification is shown to render the amplifier suitable for high gain operation in small on-chip area. Microwave office program simulation of the Novel design approach shows that it has performance compatible with the conventional distributed amplifiers but with smaller area. The CSSDA is suitable for optical and satellite communication systems.
The ground state proton, neutron and matter densities andcorresponding root mean square radii of unstable proton-rich 17Neand 27P exotic nuclei are studied via the framework of the twofrequencyshell model. The single particle harmonic oscillator wavefunctions are used in this model with two different oscillator sizeparameters core b and halo , b the former for the core (inner) orbitswhereas the latter for the halo (outer) orbits. Shell model calculationsfor core nucleons and for outer (halo) nucleons in exotic nuclei areperformed individually via the computer code OXBASH. Halostructure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei is confirmed. It is found that thestructure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei have 25 / 2 (1d ) and 1/ 2 2s -dominantconfigurations, resp
... Show MoreThe ground state proton, neutron and matter densities and
corresponding root mean square radii of unstable proton-rich 17Ne
and 27P exotic nuclei are studied via the framework of the twofrequency
shell model. The single particle harmonic oscillator wave
functions are used in this model with two different oscillator size
parameters core b and halo , b the former for the core (inner) orbits
whereas the latter for the halo (outer) orbits. Shell model calculations
for core nucleons and for outer (halo) nucleons in exotic nuclei are
performed individually via the computer code OXBASH. Halo
structure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei is confirmed. It is found that the
structure of 17Ne and 27P nuclei have 2
5 / 2 (1d ) an
The charge density distributions (CDD) and the elastic electron
scattering form factors F(q) of the ground state for some even mass
nuclei in the 2s 1d shell ( Ne Mg Si 20 24 28 , , and S 32 ) nuclei have
been calculated based on the use of occupation numbers of the states
and the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator
potential with size parameters chosen to reproduce the observed root
mean square charge radii for all considered nuclei. It is found that
introducing additional parameters, namely 1 , and , 2 which
reflect the difference of the occupation numbers of the states from
the prediction of the simple shell model leads to a remarkable
agreement between the calculated an
Background: Lateral cephalometric radiography is commonly used as a standard tool in orthodontic assessment and treatment planning. This study aimed to determine the tongue and surrounding space area in a sample of Iraqi adults with class I dental and skeletal pattern. Materials and methods: The study included thirty healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with an age ranged between 23-34 years and class I dental and skeletal pattern with no history of any sleep related disorders. The assessed cephalometric measurement included length and height of the tongue and position of hyoid bone from cervical line. Descriptive statistics were obtained for the data. Genders difference was evaluated by independent sample t-test. Results: There wer
... Show MoreABSTRACT: Oxadiazole ring is a heterocyclic molecule with an oxygen and two nitrogen atoms spread throughout its five-membered structure. There are four different isomers that have been discovered, Because of their wide applications in a range of sectors, including medications . Some of these biological activity are; anticonvulsant capacity, anticancer as well, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, antitubercular, anti-asthmatic, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiparkinsonian, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, are just some of the therapeutic uses that have drawn attention to drug candidates containing an oxadiazole moiety. This review, we will examine the various methods of oxadiazole synthesis. The mo
... Show MoreThe current research involves psychological pressure (educational,environment andemotionly) for secondary level to 2013-2014.This research includes comparison among students who are trained and not trained in physical education .The sample is(126) students from each gender from first education.Al-Karkh and the research found out that physical education has an effect in lessing emotional and educational in a big degree in student in secondary which affect them positively in their study. &n
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Summary:
We are aware that we cannot reach a correct level of understanding of the Arabic language without using the Quran as our main source in our research. Since the word of the Quran that put an end to all words which kneeled before it all the phrases that lead to the showcasing of the Arabic language in its best self.
Arab scientist realized this truth and gave all their attention to the singular and created from it an important subject for their research in the origins of the language and the science behind. Thus, since they dealt with the structure and studied the significance of the context through the use of vocabulary. Therefore, researching Islamic words or the “surat” mentioned in the Qur’an was necessar