تتطلب كرة القدم الحديثة تطوير الصفات البدنية والمهارية للوصول باللاعب إلى لمستويات العليا، ولما كانت هذه الصفات مرتبطة مع بعضها البعض، فانها تتطلب ان يتم تطويرها معا في نفس الوقت دون تنمية كل صفة على حده، وإن توافر الحد الأدنى من الصفات البدنية كمتطلبات أساسية للأداء المهاري يعتبر الهدف الأساسي للتخطيط لأي برنامج تدريبي، وإن الصفات البدنية لها مفهوم شاسع وواسع الاستعمال في مجال البحوث الرياضية، وقد أعطيت عدة تعاريف لها ( القدرة البدنية – اللياقة البدنية – الكفاءة البدنية )، وأن التدريب البليومتري Plyometric Training يعد من أهم الأساليب التدريبية لتطوير القدرة العضلية وتحسين السرعة في العديد من الأنشطة الرياضية والتي تتطلب دمج أقصى قوة مع أقصى سرعة للعضلة حيث يساهم هذا الأسلوب في التغلب على العديد من المشكلات التي تقابل القدرة فيما يرتبط بالعلاقة بين القوة والسرعة، واصبح واضحا انه لابد من توفر المعلومات لدى المدرب عن الخصائص اللازمة لأداء المهارات المختلفة حيث اسهم التطور التكنولوجي في مجال التحليل الميكانيكي في الكشف عن العلاقات المتداخلة بين حركة اجزاء الجسم اثناء تأدية تلك المهارات والتي لايمكن الحصول عليها الا بمتابعة وتحليل حركة اللاعب اثناء مراحل اداء هذه المهارات، وان تطور المجال الرياضي مثله مثل كثير من مجالات النشاط الانساني قائم على تطور العلم ودقة المعلومات، فبدون المعلومات الدقيقة لن يستطيع الرياضي ان يتفاعل مع مدربه اثناء التدريب للوصول بالأداء الى المستوى المطلوب، وعلى الرغم من أن بحوث كرة القدم واسعة النطاق، إلا أن البحوث المتعلقة بمهارة الركلة بباطن القدم من علامة الجزاء وبيوميكانيكية حركاتها تعتبر قليلة اذا ماقورنت مع بقية البحوث المتعلقة بالجوانب الاخرى لكرة القدم، وهكذا فإنه يبدو مناسبا للبحث في مهارة الركلة من علامة الجزاء بمزيد من التفصيل، حيث تعتبر هذه المهارة من المهارات الأساسية التي تحتم على لاعبي كرة القدم في مختلف المستويات إتقانها لما لها من تأثير مباشر على تغيير نتائج المباريات وخاصة في حالة التعادل واللجوء الى تطبيق نظام الركلات الترجيحية ، وبالرغم من اهمية اتقان مهارة التصويب ( الركلة من علامة الجزاء) إلّا إنه مازال كثير من لاعبي كرة القدم يخفقون في التصويب، وقد يرجع ذالك الى وجود قصور في عملية تحسين أداء هذه المهارة الهامة، في حين إن طبيعة المباراة تستدعي من اللاعب القيام بالأداء المهاري بقوة وسرعة ودقة ، ولقد اتفق العديد من الباحثين على ضرورة تدريب جميع اللاعبين بما فيهم حارس المرمى على اداء ركلات الجزاء وإن اللاعب الذي يتقن اداء الركلة من علامة الجزاء هو من اهم اللاعبين بسبب اعتماد الفريق عليه في الاوقات الحرجة والمواقف الصعبة التي تتطلب منه اداء تلك المهارة بشكل اقرب مايكون للمثالية, حيث يتطلب ذلك استخدام تدريبات حديثة وخاصة ذات مستوى عالي ، ومن هنا تبلورت مشكلة البحث في وضع تدريبات بليومترية وفقا لبعض المتغيرات البيوميكانيكية والعـضلية لتحسين اداء الركلة من علامة الجزاء في كرة القدم، لتوجيه وتطوير العملية التدريبية وألإرتقاء باللاعب وإيصاله الى مستوى عال من الاداء.
As we know the transportation studies regarded as one of a very
important and difficult studies and one of its difficulties created from the
process of data updating therefore the researcher well facing many difficulties
to balancing between the old data on collecting new data.
The research present an opinion which is summarized by: can we use
the old data after we updated and used it as alternatives? Or the researcher
must collect new data to complete their research which indicate to the present
situation and some times they cant complete their studies because of the
security, economic, temporally difficulties.
The research used two kinds of data, the old data which belong to the
period (1998) and new data
Abstract:
This research aims to compare Bayesian Method and Full Maximum Likelihood to estimate hierarchical Poisson regression model.
The comparison was done by simulation using different sample sizes (n = 30, 60, 120) and different Frequencies (r = 1000, 5000) for the experiments as was the adoption of the Mean Square Error to compare the preference estimation methods and then choose the best way to appreciate model and concluded that hierarchical Poisson regression model that has been appreciated Full Maximum Likelihood Full Maximum Likelihood with sample size (n = 30) is the best to represent the maternal mortality data after it has been reliance value param
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Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers, his family and all his companions, then after:
This is a brief research that contained its two rudders the command and its Style in Surat Al-Ma’idah a fundamental rhetorical study, and the study clarified the meaning of imperative in both; the Arabic language and in the terminology of the fundamentalists and rhetoricians in a concise manner, and then indicated the imperative of the command , the true meaning, and the meanings interpretated as an imperative form. I have mentioned some verses of Surat Al-Ma’idah, so what I have quot
... Show MoreThe digital revolution had greatly affected the methods through which we communicate, starting from the basic concepts of the internet technology and the web content in addition to the important issues that concern the culture of the digital media, the internet governance and the variation in the digital age in general and the graphic and internal design in particular.
This research addresses an important topic that goes along with the scientific development in the field of the digital design, especially in the internal and graphic designs. This study consists of two sections: the first includes the problem of the study and the need for it. Starting from the problem of the research, there is no clear perception of the formal characte
Behavioral and emotional disorders represent one of the commonest problems facing children in particular and disturbing their parents and educators in general. This is because Iraqi people have long been living in difficult conditions and faced various terrorists’ operations, such as killing, destruction, robbery, and looting. Such operations are said to be one of the reasons that leads to the development of such disorders, and may negatively affect the psyche of the child and be reflected on his behavior as represented by playing with the IPad for hours, and suffering from nightmares. Accordingly, the current research aims to examine specifically the commonest negative behavioral disorders among kindergarten children during the post-t
... Show MoreResearch questions start from the fact that what the Arab origins of education indicted . First question are :
- To what extent the subject of assets acquired a specific meaning in the Arabic books and educational subjects ? Is these selections are reflected on the classification of assets and their types ?
- What’s the nature of the content ? .Is there a consistency between the meaning and content ?
- What entrances handling and curriculum approach and tactics are in those books ?
- Is the assets subject introduced within the grade best suited ?
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... Show MoreThis research aimed to evaluate the level of readiness to teach science in the light of the information, media, and technology skills among undergraduate students at the Faculty of Edu-cation, King Khalid University. To achieve this goal, a descriptive and analytical approach was used. A list of readiness to teach science was prepared in the light of Information, media, and technology skills, and in the light of this list, a cognitive test, observation sheet, and attitude scale were prepared to assess readiness to teach science in its three aspects, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional. The sample of the research consisted of (42) students enrolled in field training courses at the sixth, seventh and eighth levels. Research tools were app
... Show MoreThe study aims to examine the estimation of a sample of Palestinian University students in Gaza governorate to the contribution of teaching human sciences in their political education. It further aims to reveal whether there are statistically significant differences at a significance level (α≤ 0.05) between the averages of the sample. Such differences might be attributed to the following variables: sex, residential area, specialization. To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive approach by applying a tool of (50) items on (618) randomly chosen male and female students from the largest Palestinian universities in the governorates of Gaza. Results have shown that: the overall degree of estimation to the contribution of teachi
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The research draws its importance from identifying the methods of profit management in misleading the financial statements, which in turn is reflected in the decisions of the authorities that relied on these reports, and then the models that help in detecting those methods used by the auditors. Risks. The index (margin of excess cash) was used to detect profit management practices on a group of banks listed in the Iraqi market for securities and the number of (23) banks, including (12) commercial bank and (11) Islamic bank and the results were compared to commercial banks with Islamic banks.((The research started from the hypothesis that the use of the (excess cash margin) model in the banking sector reveals the management
... Show MoreThis research is an attempt to study and evaluate the maintenance function at Factory 7 - The State General Company for Leather Industries, and to design a computerized preventive maintenance system to design and to analyze preventive maintenance. To accomplish the objectives of this research, data were gathered and analyzed according to the reliability engineering criteria for the period 2/1– 30/6/2005, then a preventive maintenance plan was designed for each machine of the sample study using the computerized system designed in this research. A Monte Carlo Simulation methodology was used for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the preventive maintenance plan of each machine for one year. The simulation res
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