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Epidemiological profile of substance abuse in Iraq: Retrospective study
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BACKGROUND:

The excessive and prolonged use of any relevant material is known as substance abuse. The study’s objective is to determine the epidemiology of substance abuse’s growth in Iraq over the 4 years between 2020 and 2023.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A retrospective study was applied for the purpose of collecting the sample, as the study was epidemiological and related to substance abuse among Iraqis for 4 years from the beginning of 2020 to 2023. Participants’ data were collected from records that were available in the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment for four consecutive years. The sample size was (22,767). The questionnaire was divided into two main parts. The first part included demographic information, including gender, target groups, and areas where substance abuse was prevalent, whereas the second part included the type of addictive substance and prevalence during the year. The data collected were analyzed using the “Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 27” method by entering the data package into the statistical program to determine the frequency and percentage.

RESULTS:

The study’s findings demonstrated that over 90% of the sample was male and that about half of the sample suffered from alcohol addiction. In addition, Baghdad Governorate has the highest prevalence rate among the other governorates, estimated at about%20.9.

CONCLUSION:

According to the results of the current study, about half of the sample abused alcohol. In contrast to the northern governorates of the nation, drug abuse was most common in the central and southern governorates of Iraq.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 10 2017
Journal Name
Al-mustansiriyah Journal Of Science
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial Evaluation for mixed-ligand Complexes of Nickle (II), Manganese(II), Copper( II),Cobalt(II) and Mercury(II) with Tetradentate Schiff base and 1,10-phenanthroline
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An abstract is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, Schiff base ligand (L) was prepared by the reaction of 4-aminantipyrine with o-phenylenediamine, the prepared ligand characterized by Micro elemental Analysis, FT. IR, UV-Vis, and 1H,13C-NMR spectroscopy.complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) with Schiff base and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) have been investigated in aqueous ethanol with (1:1:1) (M:L:Phen). The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, (C. H. N) Analysis, FT. IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. From the obtained data the octahedral structure was suggested for all complexes. The biological screening effects o

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial and Theoretical Studies of V(IV),Fe(III),Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)Complexes with Bidentate (NN) Donar Azo Dye Ligand
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The new 4-[(7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole)azo]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (L) have been synthesized and characterized by micro elemental and thermal analyses as well as 1H.NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. (L) acts as a ligand coordinating with some metal ionsV(IV), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II). Structures of the new compounds were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses as well as FT-IR and UV-Vis Spectra. The magnetic properties and electrical conductivities of metal complexes were also determined. Study of the nature of the complexes formed in ethanol following the mole ratio method.. The work also include a theoretical treatment of the formed complexes in the gas phase, this was done using the (hyperch

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 17 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
New mixed ligand complexes of New Schiff base 4,4'- ((naphthalen-1-ylimino) methylene) dibenzene-1,3-diol and 8-hydroxy quinoline: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal studies and Biological Activities
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New mixed ligand complexes of New Schiff base 4,4'- ((naphthalen-1-ylimino) methylene) dibenzene-1,3-diol and 8-hydroxy quinoline: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal studies and Biological Activities

Publication Date
Thu Sep 02 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Kerbala University
N3O3 Hexanuclear Complexes type are Synthesized and Characterised from the reaction of Diphenylmonoxime with (Mn(II) ,Co(II) ,Ni(II) ,Cu(II) ,Zn(II) , and Hg(II) ) ions.
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The new Hexadentate complexes type [M(H3L3)]K were prepared from the condensation reaction of Diphenylmonoxime and KOH with (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II)) in methanol with 3:1 ligand : metal ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(H3L3)]K (where: M(II) = Mn ,Co ,N ,Cu ,Zn and Hg).All compounds have been Characterized by spectroscopic methods [I.R, U.v-Vis, atomic absorption and microanalysis (C.H.N) along with conductivity measurements. The stability constant K and Gibbs free energy ∆G were calculated for [Co (H3L3)] K, [Ni (H3L3)] K and [Cu (H3L3)] K and complexes using spectrophotometer method. The obtained values indicate that these complexes stable in their solution. From the above data

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Rsc Advances
Green biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i> which demonstrate effectiveness against human cancer cells, <i>Candida</i> species and multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
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Green biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles from Ralstonia insidiosa show potent activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , pathogenic Candida spp. and human prostate cancer cells.

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 15 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and Antioxidant Studies of New Metal Ion Complexes Based on (E)-4-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Physiology, Nutrition And Physical Education
The effect of effort perception training according to race speed rhythm control for developing speed endurance, adapting maximum heart rate, and achieving 3000 m running/hurdles for men
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Chemistry And Materials Research
Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Antimicrobial Activities Co(II),Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II),Cd(II) and Hg(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes of L- Alanine and Trimethoprim Antibiotic
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The Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 25 2012
Journal Name
Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activities Of Some Metal (ii) Heterocyclic Polyamine Complexes With 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) Bis(2- Amino-6-methyl-6h-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) Ligand.
Synthesis, characterization and Antibacterial activities of some metal (II) heterocyclic polyamine complexes with 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) bis(2-amino-6-methyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) ligand.
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 29 2024
Journal Name
Reviews In Inorganic Chemistry
Antituberculosis, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Schiff base derived from 2,3-diaminophenazine moiety and its metal(II) complexes: structural elucidation, computational aspects, and biological evaluation
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Abstract<p>Enticed by the present scenario of infectious diseases, four new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) complexes of Schiff base ligand were synthesized from 6,6′-((1E-1′E)(phenazine-2,3-dielbis(azanylidene)-bis-(methanylidene)-bis-(3-(diethylamino)phenol)) (<bold>H</bold> <sub> <bold>2</bold> </sub> <bold>L</bold>) to ascertain as effective drug for antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. The organic ligand and its metal(II) complexes were characterized by numerous physical and spectroscopic methods, which showed that the</p> ... Show More
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