To assess the use of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) for renal stones in children, as well as its safety and efficacy. Seventy-seven patients with more than 15 mm renal stones whose age was less than 15 years were enrolled in this prospective case-controlled study at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Ar Razi Private Hospital, and Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialties, Anbar and Baghdad, Iraq. The study was conducted from January 2020 to January 2024. The group mentioned above served as group A, and it was compared to the control group (group B), which consisted of 70 adult patients aged 18–60 years. Patients in both groups underwent mini-PCNL. Gender, stone size and location, time of operation, stone-free rate, hemoglobin drop, need for blood transfusion, postoperative fever, associated visceral injury, and need for further interventions such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or flexible ureteroscopy (ESWL or FURS) were compared in both groups. The age of patients in group A ranged from 8 months to 15 years with a mean (4.30 ± 3.16), while in group B ranged from 18 to 60 years with a mean (36.3 ± 12.0), p-value 0.001. There were no statistically significant differences regarding gender distribution, stone size, and location, p-value > 0.05. The stone-free rate was 87.01% for group A and 88.57% for group B, with no statistical difference, p-value 0.773. Hemoglobin drop was 1.096 ± 0.412 for group A and 1.195 ± 0.110 for group B, p-value 0.046. Blood transfusion was needed in one case in each group with no statistical difference, p-value 0.946. The need for ESWL was 3 cases in group A, and 2 cases in group B, with no statistical difference between the two groups, p-value 0.729. The need for FURS was 4 cases in group A and 3 cases in group B, p-value 0.796. Operative time was 30 to 125 min in group A and 34 to 129 min in group B, p-value 0.941. Postoperative fever was seen in 23 cases in group A and 21 cases in group B, p-value 0.986. Minor liver injury was seen was seen in one case in each group. The use of mini-PCNL for treating renal stones in children is safe and effective as it is associated with a relatively low rate of significant complications and achieves a high stone-free rate.
الزكاة فريضة من فرائض الإسلام وعبادة من العبادات التي اقرها الشرع الإسلامي هذه الفريضة المالية التعبدية بالإضافة الى دورها المعنوي الذي يهدف الى إرساء قواعد العدالة الاجتماعية والقضاء على مشكلة الفقر في المجتمع الاسلامي وكما ينص عليها الدين الإسلامي فان لها ابعادها ووظائفها الكثيرة التي تخدم اليات العمل الاقتصادي في مجتمع يعمل وفق نظام اقتصادي أسلامي .
ان انفاق الاموال المتحصلة من فريض
... Show MoreThis research sheds light on the contributions of a group of scientific Kurdish scholars in the seventh and eighth Hijri centuries, who devoted themselves to serving science with the bad political and economic conditions at the time, and the research pointed to the flowering of science and how students travel in order to provide them with science, obtain a scientific certificate, then take up The research efforts of the scholars in the two Hijri century mentioned in the science of the Qur’an, whether in the field of recitations, intonation or interpretation, and the research ends with a conclusion in which I mentioned the most important conclusions reached in this research.
This topic is considered to be of a high degree of importance to every Muslim, and its importance is due to the fact that monotheism is:
Prove that God Almighty is the God who created everything and everything opposite to monotheism is polytheism, and it is taking other than God Almighty as a deity.
Therefore, we have to know the concept of God. If he is known, then he knows the concept of monotheism and the concept of polytheism
After this systematic presentation of the phenomenon of rotation of formulas, ie the construction of the verb and the verb, and the narrated narratives therein differed among the readers, it became clear to us how the difference was clear between reading and the other, and how readers have varied in their readings of the verb, As we have noted through our modest research that the phenomenon of building the verb for the actor and the effect have included the act of both past and present tense, and not limited to a specific time, and this difference in reading was not limited to a particular environment, but beyond To more than one environment This is evidenced by the readings of various readers from the environment of Kufa, Basra, Mecca,
... Show MoreIH Abdul-Abbas, QJ Rashid, M RasimYounus, PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 2021 - Cited by 9
Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the crucial role that Russian writers and intellectuals played in catalyzing the 1905 Revolution in Russia. Specifically, the study sought to analyze how their literary works, philosophical ideas, and political writings challenged Tsarist autocracy, depicted the suffering of the masses, and inspired opposition movements. The study aimed to highlight the defiant writings that contributed to the rise of political figures and the eventual overthrow of the repressive regime. Methods: The historical narrative and analytical methods were employed, conducting a comparative analysis of prominent works by renowned authors such as Tolstoy, Gorky, and Chekhov. This analysis focused on
... Show MoreA New Perspective About Masculinity and the Issue of Identity in Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and The Sea and Michael Ondaatje's in The Skin of a lion
The aim of the current research is to identify the level of organizational culture among the headmasters and teachers of intermediate and secondary schools in Arar city. It also aims to identify the effect of job variables, qualifications, educational stage, and years of experience on the level of organizational culture and its domains. The research sample consisted of 62 participants divided into 7 headmasters and 55 teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire of the organizational culture. The researcher used also statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One way ANOVA. The results revealed that the level of organizational culture and its four domains were high, and there was no effect of the variables (teac
... Show More