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Downregulation of the Gene Expression of Efflux Pump Gene (acrA) and its Regulator (ramA) in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They are generally used to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information on the effect of biocide on efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine the influence of biocide on biofilm development and efflux pump acrA and ramA gene expression. Methodology: The microtiter plate method was used to identify biofilm development in 80 isolates of K. pneumoniae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of three biocides (quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorohexidine digluconate, and chloroxylenol) were estimated. The effect of QAC on the intensity and viability of biofilms was investigated as well. Its influence on biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. For each isolate, gene expression of the acrA and ramA was evaluated before and after treatment with the biocide (at ½MIC). Results: The study revealed that 60% of isolates formed moderate biofilms. Biofilms of all isolates were inhibited by QAC at high concentrations. Moreover, QAC at ½MIC downregulated the gene expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA). Conclusion: Biofilms of all isolates were prevented by QAC at high doses. Furthermore, QAC at ½MIC decreased the expression of the efflux pump gene (acrA) and its regulator (ramA).

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The effectiveness of media communication and its problems in the contemporary theatrical presentation: راسل كاظم عوده-سلمان خلف حسين
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The theater can be considered a media that the effectiveness of its tools and the perceptions it produces cannot be abandoned according to patterns or aesthetic artistic trends, and at the same time it carries a large amount of information that can be worked on activating it with conscious directions within the elements of the theatrical performance, and these can be counted The study is an attempt to trace the functioning of the communication and media elements in the structure of the theatrical performance, as the study included: An introduction that defines the research problem and its importance, which crystallized around the following question: Does the media communication through theatrical presentation form its desired effectivene

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Acculturation and its Evolutionary Tendency in the Design of the Prayer Space Elements / Niche – A model: آلاء طالب كريم
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The peculiarity of worship spaces in the Islamic architecture is evident by its symbolic connotations with doctrinal connections, thus the niche has a major status in that symbolic connotation, which transformed due to the cultural interaction from a rock on the wall directed towards Mecca into an element of integrated structural entity with performative and aesthetic characteristics. The spread of the Islamic religion contributed to subjecting it to a design acculturation process, thus the problem of the research was raised by the following question: has the evolutionary tendency of acculturation been able to effect a major transformation in the niche design? The research aims at identifying the design acculturation and its translation

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2019
Journal Name
The Iraqi Journal For Information And Documentation Studies
The role and importance of scientific research in creating new knowledge and its impact on developing the cognitive capabilities of information and librarians and their Employees
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The research aims at identifying the importance of scientific research for researchers and in creating new knowledge، development and utilization of mental and cognitive energies and developed them with the ability to research، extrapolation، meditation and then conclusion. The information was collected by interviewing the Secretary-General of the Central Library and by distributing questionnaire forms to the (33) teaching staff of the College of Higher Education. The responses of the society were analyzed the result and the recommendations were the most important 1. Information specialist and all employees of the administrators and technicians in the centers of information sources (libraries) and in the field are considered scientific r

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Human capital and its role in achieving the underwriting policy: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The insurance companies are one of the organizations that rely mainly on human capital to underwriting to insurable risks because most of risks have many variables, so the aim of the research is to show the level of interest of the researched company in human capital, the reality of the underwriting policy in it, and the relationships of correlation and effect between them, and the approach has been used Analytical descriptive, as books, research and other related sources were used for the purpose of completing the theoretical side, on the practical side, a questionnaire was prepared, which represents the main tool for collecting data and distributed to a random sample of 64 people from underwriting managers and employees in spec

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Doctrinal Complication in Al-Ash'ari’s Doctrine and its Role in Managing the Doctrinal Disputes: محمد أَرَارُو
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This research aims to clarify the concept of doctrinal rules and adjust its basic terminologies. It further aims to lay down a map for the method of rooting this science by mentioning its rooted sources, in addition to drawing a miniature picture of its history, origin, formation and development. The paper ends with practical models to highlight its importance in rooting the science of nodal rules and facilitating the mentioning of its scattered discussions in a short and comprehensive phrase. The study further illustrates the pioneering role of doctrinal rules science in managing the doctrinal disputes, combining multiple sayings, and in bringing together opposing opinions. The study follows the inductive, descriptive and analytical app

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 06 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Spatial Analysis of Soil Characteristics and its Effect on Determining the Susceptibility of lands of the RasheedRegion: A Study in Soil Geography
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Twelve pends were selected and distributed on three verticals transects paths on the Tigers river in Al Rasheed county.Passing through land covers, that classified and covers the whole region. Based on the 8 Landsat of the year 2015. It was oriental classified by using Erdas 10.2 . The pedons were distributed on the area of each varicty of these classes. the series of soil according of the transect series (DW74,MMg,DMu6 , Df96) respectively were represented P1 , P2 , P3 , P4  .

The second transits series(DM97,MM5,DM96,DF115) respectively were  represented P5 , P6 , P7 , P8  .The third  transits series(DM46,MMg,MF12,MM11) re

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
CREATIVITY IN THE TELEVISION ADVERTISING MESSAGE AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN ATTRACTING THE ATTENTION OF THE RECIPIENT: (A research drawn from a Degree thesis)
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Declaration has become today has an important and active and influential role in the recipient public life، and are concentrated advertising on the creativity component manufacture to attract his attention toward what to be announced from a variety products، and is dominated by television commercials tempo and imagination، and display them a variety of ways catches the attention and an impressive simulates the their senses of hearing and sight، to influence in the receiver and the public paid for purchase.

Through it crystallization the subject of our research on the importance of creativity in television advertising and effective for attracting the attention of the publi

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The added value of internal audit and its role in achieving independence and responsibility: applied research in the Rafidain State Company for Dams implementation
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The added value of internal audit greatly contributes to adding value to the institution, but most departments of economic units in Iraq neglected the role of internal audit and the added value that can be achieved by those institutions, since the term added value of internal audit is a relatively vague term from the premise that what cannot be measured is difficult Determine it, and perhaps descriptive standards for it is the extent of compliance with international auditing standards (IIA).

The research aims to study the procedures and results of auditing to verify that they have given an added value to the audit with a positive impact, develop its aspects and research, identify deficiencies for the audi

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Level of Aligning Scientific Research in Omani Universities with the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the Light of Oman’s 2040 vision and the Ways of its Development
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The current research aims to reveal the reality of coping the scientific research in Omani universities in the Sultanate of Oman with the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the light of Oman’s 2040 vision. It also aims derive some suggestions to develop the scientific research in these institutions. The study has adopted a qualitative approach in which interviews were conducted. The sample consisted of (16) leaders of governmental and private higher education institutions, as well as, some experts in the field of Fourth Industrial Revolution. The theoretical significance of the study is represented by its response to Oman’s vison in 2040. It is further in line with the previous international reports and educational s

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Transformational Leadership Dimensions and Its Role in the Rationalization of Banking Decisions: An Exploratory Esearch of the Views of A Sample of the Officials In the Iraqi Private Banks
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The current research aims to find out the role of transformational leadership in decision-making wise, to cope with the decline in some of the banking performance indicators as a result of the absence of the modern concept of the leadership of those so-called B (Transformational Leadership) and preventing benefit from the advantages in the banks, and I test the research on a sample of the Iraqi private banks through applied to a sample (77) Mdermvud and Associate Director and Advisor to the Chairman of the Department, the distributors (7) banks, and used the head of the questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information. For the purpose of access to the results, the research sought to test two hypotheses two main hypotheses sub pop

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