دخلت حركة الإصلاحات العثمانية العراق مع تولي مدحت باشا ولاية بغداد (1869 -1872)  وكان لذلك اثر كبير في احداث تغيير جذري للمجتمع العراقي ، بدء من اجراء إصلاحات إدارية عززت من نظام الحكم المركزي وسعت الى التقليل من مظاهر الفوضى داخل المجتمع وصولا الى تكوين الوعي السياسي الجمعي والنخبوي للمجتمع العراقي ، منذ النصف الثاني للقرن التاسع عشر حتى مطلع القرن لعشرين. من هنا جاءت فكرة موضوع البحث للاستفادة التاريخية

The disciplinary system and its role in combating administrative corruption in Iraq

معنى وشروط الحركة والاتجاه في تصاميم الاقمشة المطبوعة في العراق

ABSTRACT

The Iraqi Government had used all Possible methods of financing the fiscal deficit according to the economic and Political Circumstances at the time. It had borrowed from abroad during the 1980_s. Those methods of borrowing led to negative impacts on the Iraqi economy such as increased external dept burden, higher inflation rate, negative interest rate and accumulation of domestic debt.

The "Financial Management and Public Debt" law no 95/ 2004 made a great change in those methods of Financing fiscal deficit in Iraq. Before 2004, the deficit was financed by issuing Treasury Bills and selling them to the Central Bank of Iraq with a prefixed interest rate. Thus, i

The world witness quality jumps under radical change in the management and work styles, through adopting organizational learning as a process of continuous improvements in response to environmental stimulus, in the knowledge age and turbulent competitive environment the organizational success concept is shift from the view narrow for financial performance and marketshare to long term view which focus on building strategic capabilities that provide a sustainable competitive advantage.

Considering the strategic role assumed for the companies of the Ministry of Construction and Housing to play it, these companies have been chosen to be the field in which questions of th

 The organizations recognize what the effective role of time management in achieving competitive advantage and success. But the effectiveness depends on integrating some organization actions which perspective are relating with it by significance relations and high affect. From this the research problem is arising، which descripe the recognizing of libraries managers for the role of some organizational actions. The samples from (40) libraries managers are chosen.

The major results: these organizational actions are related and affected on the time management  if integrated with  one anothers more than if related in separate.  &nbs

The probability is considered one of the grammatical cases in all languages of the world. Expressions of probability in Spanish language are expressed by various structures, expressions and some verb tenses. By this study explains the grammatical cases, the verbal periphrases, the impersonal expressions, the future tenses (simple and perfect) and the conditional mode of probability in Spanish language .We have explains these cases in detail with examples that have extracted from various spanish grammar books .The specific objective of this study is to know the resources and constructions of probability in Spanish language and their translation in Arabic language.

تكمن اهمية البحث في تصميم الداخلي لدائرة التسويقية للمعارض في الكاظمية حيث نجد ان بعض متطلبات التصميمية في ذلك المبنى غير مناسبة له، لذلك ظهرت الحاجة لدراسة هذا النوع المتخصص من الفضاءات العامة لتحقيق الذروة التصميمية التي يجب ان يؤخذ بنظر الاعتبار في تصميم تلك الفضاءات وعلاقتها مع تلك الفعاليات المؤدات فيها، فضلاً عن ان هذا الموضوع حسب علم الباحثة واطلاعها يعتبر الاول ولم يسبق احد، لذلك يعتبر اضافة مرجعي

يعد الهواء من الضروريات لعيش الانسان وكلما كان الهواء نقياً كلما كانت صحة الانسان جيدة، وفي الآونة الاخيرة اصبح الهواء يتأثر بالملوثات وهنالك عدة متغيرات تؤثر في نقاوة الهواء واصبح الهواء يؤثر على صحة الانسان لما يحمله من ملوثات توثر على جسم الانسان وصحته. ولمعرفة مدى تلوث الهواء في كل مناطق الارض تم بناء مؤشر لمعرف تلوث الهواء بالاعتماد على عدة متغيرات يسمى بمعامل تأثير الهواء. ولبيان اكثر المتغيرات تأ

The study aimed to monitor all the obstacles that stand in the way of the development of women's sports and to develop radical and realistic solutions to advance it and seek its programs to build a strong women's sports community. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted to monitor the obstacles, by collecting relevant data from the individuals in the research sample using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose that includes (9) axes and (52) phrases distributed to players and practitioners of sports activities in sports forums throughout Iraq except for the Kurdistan region, whose number is (167) girls. The researchers concluded that there are strict social and cultural restrictions, and fears of society's view that prevents girl