Resumen Introducción Debido a su exigente entorno académico, el dolor lumbar crónico (DLC) es un trastorno musculoesquelético común entre los estudiantes de medicina, lo cual es particularmente preocupante. El tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo conocido por causar diversos problemas de salud y se ha asociado con el DLC, pero la relación específica entre el tabaquismo y el DLC aún no ha sido bien explorada. Objetivo Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la asociación entre el tabaquismo y el DLC en estudiantes de medicina en Irak. Diseño Se empleó un diseño descriptivo transversal que involucró entrevistas cara a cara con 200 estudiantes de medicina de 18 años o más. Los datos sobre características demográficas, comportamientos de tabaquismo y experiencias de dolor crónico se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario prediseñado. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando SPSS® (versión 25) y se emplearon pruebas de Chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación entre el estado de tabaquismo y el DLC. Lugar Universidad de Bagdad, Facultad de Medicina. Participantes Doscientos estudiantes de medicina de 18 años o más. Intervenciones No hubo intervención. Principales mediciones Características demográficas, comportamientos de tabaquismo y experiencias de dolor crónico. Resultados Una proporción significativa de estudiantes (51%) reportó fumar actualmente, siendo los cigarrillos el producto más comúnmente utilizado. La prevalencia de DLC fue del 64%, con una severidad promedio del dolor de 4,6 (±1,61). Notablemente, entre los fumadores, 81 individuos reportaron experimentar DLC en comparación con 47 no fumadores (p = 0,0001), lo que indica una fuerte asociación entre el tabaquismo y la presencia de DLC. Conclusión Los hallazgos resaltan una asociación significativa entre el tabaquismo y el DLC en estudiantes de medicina, enfatizando la necesidad de intervenciones dirigidas para abordar la cesación tabáquica y la prevención del DLC en esta población de alto riesgo. Se justifica una mayor investigación para explorar los mecanismos subyacentes y desarrollar estrategias efectivas para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los estudiantes.
Augmented reality technology is a modern technique used in all fields, including: medicine, engineering and education, and has received attention from officials in the educational process at present; The focus of this research is on the degree of use of augmented reality among field experience students in the project's optimal investment program for teaching staff and their difficulties, applied to a sample of 75 students, through a questionnaire prepared by the researcher as a tool to determine the degree of use, as well as difficulties. The researcher addressed the subject through two main axes to determine the degree of use, as well as the difficulties preventing teachers and learners from using this technique. The results of the rese
... Show MoreAn experiment in the semester, the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023), and the data used was not processed (the second test for two independent, inaccurate samples, the Bermon correlation coefficient, and the Spearman correlation coefficient), and the following results were reached: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of ( 0) average, 05) between the third grade who studied the plan for asking cluster questions, and between the average of those who studied the special feature according to the traditional method of selecting achievement, and enjoyed completing the specialization, choosing the experimental group, because the strategy of asking cluster questions is one of the externalities that... Lear
... Show MoreThe educational service industry is one of the most negatively affected industries by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government agencies have taken many measures to slow its spread, and then restrict movement and gatherings and stop recreational activities. Furthermore, the repercussions of the curfew had a significant impact due to the interruption in actual attendance for students and employees, and the severity of the Covid-19 crisis and its (economic, social, security, humanitarian and behavioral) effects on all societies and work sectors is no secret to anyone. Iraq, like other countries, was also affected by the negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic in all fields of institutional work, especially public fields, and specifically t
... Show MoreElectronic learning was used as a substitute method for learning during the COVID-19 pandemic to conduct scientific materials and perform student assessment; this study aimed to investigate academic staff opinions toward electronic education. A cross-sectional study with a web-based questionnaire distributed to academic staff in different medical colleges in Iraq. After de-identification, data were collected and analyzed with statistical software to determine the significance between variables. A total of 256 participants were enrolled in the study: 83% were not satisfied or neutral to online learning, 80% showed a poor benefit from delivery of the practical electronic knowledge and 25% for theoretical sessions with a significant difference
... Show MoreResearch on geopolitical and geopolitical studies relates to a range of sciences that can be called auxiliary sciences, such as political science, international relations in particular, and history, but their focus is rarely on science and ethnography
That the issues and problems of the world today has become so large and complex that does not allow a specific field or knowledge to solve one of the need for the newly known knowledge integration (geopolitics and geopolitics) in particular to move towards cognitive integration to understand many of the problems and global issues that faced The importance of this study comes to clarify the relationship between Darwinism, geopolitics and geopolitics. The geopolitics in modern terms d
... Show MoreAbstract:
Humanitarian intervention has taken different forms included within the
peaceful and military means to stop the human suffering, whether caused by
natural disaster or humanitarian disasters.
Intervention can not be acquitted because it carries with it political cover,
but sometimes it may be legitimate cover for the occupation and the violation
of sovereignty. Therefore, the research worked to capture the legal and
political aspects of international law and the role of international organizations
to intervene and the right to use force.
The research concludes that international law had not been fairly
successful in controlling the behavior of some countries in the use of force,
and that there is