Efficient management of treated sewage effluents protects the environment and reuse of municipal, industrial, agricultural and recreational as compensation for water shortages as a second source of water. This study was conducted to investigate the overall performance and evaluate the effluent quality from Al- Rustamiya sewage treatment plant (STP), Baghdad, Iraq by determining the effluent quality index (EQI). This assessment included daily records of major influent and effluent sewage parameters that were obtained from the municipal sewage plant laboratory recorded from January 2011 to December 2018. The result showed that the treated sewage effluent quality from STP was within the Iraqi quality standards (IQS) for disposal and the overall efficiency indicated a positive efficiency of the STP within the order BOD > COD > TSS > chloride. The results revealed that the effluent quality index (EQI) lied under a good water category for both effluent disposal and irrigation use. The multiple linear regression model (MLR) was used for the prediction of EQI and the results provided good estimates for the EQI data sets with a high coefficient of determination (R2=98%). From this analysis, EQI is highly significantly interrelated with TSS, BOD5, and COD within the values 88.9%, 78.6%, and 76.3% respectively. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the effluent quality index based on the selected sewage characteristics. Results provided good estimates for the EQI data sets with a high coefficient of determination (R2=99.8%) and lower relative error and TSS was more effective on the EQI model other than parameters with the relative importance 47.3%. So, the MLR and ANN models were found to provide an effective tool in efficient predicting EQI that can be used effectively to monitor effluent parameters and describe the suitability of treated sewage to quality achieved according to Iraqi quality standards (IQS) for effluent disposal and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) standards for irrigation purposes.
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nation International Children Fund (UNICEF) developed a strategy known as Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI); which aims to reduce less than five years children morbidity and mortality in developing countries.
Objective: To assess the completion of the IMCI format status in primary health care centers, Baghdad.
Methods: A cross sectional study with analytic element was conducted during the period from 15th of January till 15th May 2016 in selected Primary health centers in Baghdad, Iraq. The sample consists of form of child files less than 2 months and form from 2
... Show MoreRecently, Malaysia has been recognized as one of the most popular destinations for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Southeast Asia. But how do these FDI inflows affect Malaysia economy? This paper aims to identify the role of FDI inflows in Malaysia economic growth through a proposed endogenous growth model. Annual data covers from 1975 to 2010. Unit root test and Johansen Co-integration test are adopted to respectively verify the time series data is stable and the linear combination of the variables is stationary. Hierarchical Multiple Regressions (HMR) Analysis is then conducted to find out the momentum of the Malaysia economic growth including FDI inflows. The results show that the FDI inflows together with the human capital deve
... Show MoreВ статье рассматривается вопрос об использовании мультимедийных средств для оптимизации процесса формирования коммуникативной компетенции в иракской аудитории с привлечением компьютерных технологий. Статья посвящена использованию мультимедийных технологий и различных приемов формирования интереса к русскому языку. Включение в процесс обучения коммуникативно-значимого, аутентичн
... Show MoreThe current research aims to examine the effect of the rapid learning method in developing creative thinking among second-grade female students in the subject of history. Thus, the researcher has adopted an experimental design of two groups to suit the nature of the research. The sample of the study consists of (36) randomly selected students from Al-Shafaq Secondary School for Women, which are divided randomly into two groups. The first group represents the experimental; it includes (31) students who studied the subject of history using the quick learning method. The second group, on the other hand, is the control group, which consists of (32) students, who studied the same subject using the traditional way. Before starting with the exp
... Show MoreAbstract:
Rabi’a tribe lived on the land of Euphrates since the first century of the
Christ. Then that land becomes her homeland. The Persians tried many times
to drive her away from that land, but with out result.
In the course of time Rabi’a become more knowledgeable of Persia.
This tribe proved her love and sanctification to the land of Euphrates, in the
battle of Dhyqar.
Rabi’a converted to Islam quickly and helped the Muslims to conquer
Iraq with a big number of fighters in many battles like al- Qadisyyah. That
influenced the anger of Mudriat Arab tribes who were their old enemies.
Mudriat tribes did their efforts to reduce the importance of Rabi’a because of
some its branches were among of t
Crop coefficient for cherries was evaluated by measure the water consumption in Michigan State to find its variation with time as the plant growth. Crop coefficients value (Kc) for cherries were predicated by Michigan State University (MSU) and also by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) according to consume of water through the season. In this paper crop coefficients for cherries are modified accordingly to the actual measurements of soil moisture content. Actual evapotranspiration (consumptive use) were measured by the soil moisture readings using Time Domain Reflectometers (TDR), and compared with the actual potential evapotranspiration that calculated by using modified Penman-Monteith equation which depends on metrological statio
... Show MoreThis research deals with unusual approach for analyzing the Simple Linear Regression via Linear Programming by Two - phase method, which is known in Operations Research: “O.R.”. The estimation here is found by solving optimization problem when adding artificial variables: Ri. Another method to analyze the Simple Linear Regression is introduced in this research, where the conditional Median of (y) was taken under consideration by minimizing the Sum of Absolute Residuals instead of finding the conditional Mean of (y) which depends on minimizing the Sum of Squared Residuals, that is called: “Median Regression”. Also, an Iterative Reweighted Least Squared based on the Absolute Residuals as weights is performed here as another method to
... Show MoreThe aim of the research was to identify On the effect of the learning-by-play strategy on learning some handball skills among second-stage female students,Comparing the results of students' performance before and after implementing the learning by playing strategy,Providing development proposals for teaching handball skills in light of the research results.,I dependresearcherCurriculumexperimentalIn research procedures as an appropriate approach to achieving research objectives,For two groups, one experimental and the other control,Community of female studentsSecondFor the academic year 2024-2025, consisting of (4Female people (numbering)151) StudentChosen.Research sample30 female students from Section (B) were selected and (4) fe
... Show MoreThe research gets its importance through the importance of the annual regulations in the taxation accounting and its efficiency to fulfill accounting justice under the effect of the financial changes and the truth of the activity of the taxable businesses .This through the problem of the research which is found in many objections about taxation accounting according to the annual regulations issued by the General Commission of Taxes , Their aim is to get the real benefits and to decrease the difference in opinions during the estimation to fulfill justice in distributing the burden of taxation .
The research expose many conclusions and recommendations namely , the taxation justice fulfillment is not only in justic
... Show MoreThis study aims at identifying the activation of the role of feminine leaders in educational decision-making in educational administrations in the Northern Borders Province in light of the Kingdom's vision 2030. It also aims to identify what educational leadership is, to study the conceptual framework of the contemporary education decision-making process, and to examine the reality of the problems of feminine leaders in educational decision-making in the educational administrations in the Northern Borders. In addition, it tries to develop a proposed vision to activate the role of feminine leaders in educational decision-making in Educational Administrations in the Northern Borders Province in light of Vision 2030. To achieve the objectiv
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