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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Sat Sep 01 2018
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Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of the volume of Capital heldin stock prices: An analytical study in a sample of Iraqi banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange
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To evaluate the effects of the ShotBlocker and vibration device on pain intensity and patient satisfaction during subcutaneous (SC) insulin injections in hospitalized adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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In this randomized controlled trial, 102 patients with type II diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 35 patients in the ShotBlocker group, 36 patients in the vibration group, and 31 patients in the control group. ShotBlocker was applied immediately before and during the injection, while the vibration was applied fo

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Wed Jan 29 2020
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Tue Sep 08 2020
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Comparison between the Use of bupivacaine 0.5%alone and bupivacaine 0.5% with nefopam 20mg in sciatic n block ( popliteal approach) and femoral n block in patients undergoing below knee surgery
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EFFECT OF DECISION OF INCREASING THE MINIMUM LIMIT OF THE CAPITAL IN THE IRAQI PRIVATE BANKING ACTIVITY: APPLIED STUDY IN A SAMPLE OF PRIVATE IRAQI BANKS
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
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Analysis of actuarial experience and acceptance of individual life insurance: A case study in the Iraqi General Insurance Company
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Mon Apr 01 2019
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No etiological role of Herpes Simplex Virus and Toxoplasma Gondii infections in systemic lupus erythematosus of Iraqi Female Patients
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Knowledge and Attitude of Iraqi Dentists towards the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics: A Questionnaire Study
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