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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
Journal Name
Medical Journal Of Babylon
Clinical Evaluation and Comparison between Effects of Rituximab and Prednisolone with Imuran to Neutrophils and Platelet Counts in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients
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Comparative Study between Nasal Endoscopic Findings and Nose and Paranasal Sinus Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases
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Publication Date
Wed Sep 14 2016
Journal Name
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Evaluation of Systemic C-reactive Protein as a Systemic Inflammatory Marker in the Blood for Patients Undergoing Minor Oral Surgical Procedures
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Thu Jan 27 2022
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Is adding an Oral Antibiotic with the Topical Antibiotic-Steroid Useful in Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Otitis Externa in Immunocompetent Patients?
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Wed May 12 2021
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Awareness about Sun Protection among Medical Students
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Fri Nov 01 2013
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Post Hair Epilation Acneiform Eruption Among Females
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 11 2023
Journal Name
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Detecting Suicidal Tendencies among Secondary School Students
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2011
Journal Name
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Social attraction among Baghdad University Teaching Staff
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
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Leadership Ability Scale Among Female University Students
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Find out the leadership ability among female university students.
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