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Association between self‐reported oral disease/conditions and symptoms of depression among Iraqi individuals
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Abstract<sec><title>Aims

The negative impact of oral diseases on the function, economy, and general health of the population is well‐documented. In the last decades, evidence linking increased expression of depression and oral diseases/conditions has significantly increased. The aim of this study is to assess the association between oral disease/conditions and self‐reported symptoms of depression individuals.

Methods

A specially designed questionnaire was distributed via social media for 1 week. It consisted of two main sections; the first section was dedicated to collect demographic variables and self‐reported symptoms of oral diseases. The second section, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), was used to assess the severity of depression via nine questions using a 4‐point Likert scale. Association between depression and oral disease was determined by linear regression analysis.

Results

A total of 1975 participants responded fully to the questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants, about 60%, showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression, while 8.9% expressed severe symptoms. Oral diseases positively associated with depression were caries, missing teeth, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, teeth mobility, and dry mouth (R2 = .155). In contrast, increased esthetic level of teeth/gingiva significantly decreased the feeling of depression.

Conclusions

Results indicated that oral diseases, particularly those adversely affecting function and esthetics, were associated with symptoms of depression in Iraqi individuals. These findings highlighted the importance of maintaining oral health as part of the general psychological wellbeing of the population.

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
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Wed Nov 07 2018
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Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
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The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Molecular and Serologic Detection of HLA-B27 among Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients with Some Clinical Correlations
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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2024
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 21 2023
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Impact of Deep Learning Strategy in Mathematics Achievement and Practical Intelligence among High School Students
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Vocational stresses and their relation with the level of ambition among the lecturers of the university
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
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BANKING COMPLIANCE FUNCTION(COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COMMERCIAL & ISLAMIC BANKS): BANKING COMPLIANCE FUNCTION(COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COMMERCIAL & ISLAMIC BANKS)
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Publication Date
Wed Mar 22 2017
Journal Name
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COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER RIGHTS IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.: COLLABORATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSUMER RIGHTS IN THE ALGERIAN MARKET.
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