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Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization Technique versus Immunohistochemistry in Assessment of HER2/neu Status in 448 Iraqi Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma
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BACKGROUND: The rapidly growing knowledge regarding factors controlling tumour growth, with the new modalities of therapy acting on the biological activity of the tumours draw the attention of most cancer researches nowadays and represent a major focus for clinical oncology practice. For the detection of HER2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) is the recommended techniques, respectively, with high concordance between the two techniques. The current United Kingdom recommendations for HER2/neu testing are either for a two-tier system using IHC with reflex ISH testing in equivocal positive cases, or a one-tier ISH strategy. AIM: To compare the results of HER2/neu gene status in patients with breast carcinoma obtained by chromogenic in situ hybridisation with those obtained by immunohistochemistry, and to compare these results with hormonal receptors expression by immunohistochemistry and with age of patients.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry technique was used for evaluation of status of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2/neu protein expression in 448 Iraqi patients with invasive breast carcinoma with different grades and histological types and then chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique was applied for all scores of HER2/neu to detect the gene status and compare the results in all negative, equivocal and positive cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The cases were referred from different centres, and IHC and CISH techniques were done in central public health laboratory in Baghdad over 28 months, from July 2013 to November 2015. A comparison of the results was made to find the relationship between HER2/neu and hormone receptors status and other clinical parameters like patients age. RESULTS: The mean age of the study cases was 49.08 years, ranging from 24 to 83 years. Of the 448 cases of breast carcinoma, 44 (9.8%) cases were of score 0 by IHC, none of them (0%) showed HER2/neu gene amplification by CISH. 71(15.8%) cases were of score 1 by IHC, 15 (21.12%) of them showed HER2/neu gene amplification by CISH, all were of low amplification. There were 306 (68.3%) cases of score 2 by IHC, of which 102 (33.33%) cases showed HER2/neu gene amplification by CISH, with 79 (25.81%) of them with low amplification and 23 (7.51%) cases with high amplification, while only one case (0.32%) remained in equivocal category. In score 3, all the 27 (6.0%) cases showed gene amplification with 12 (44.44%) cases with low amplification and 15 (55.55) cases with high amplification with overall percentage of gene amplification in score 3 of 100%. There was a significant inverse relationship between hormone receptors (ER and PR) status and HER2/neu gene amplification. No significant relationship was found between the patient’s age and HER2/neu gene amplification.CONCLUSION: Although immunohistochemistry is a widely used, less expensive and reliable test, we strongly advice performance of chromogenic in situ hybridization in assessment of HER2/neu gene status in all cases diagnosed with breast carcinoma as significant number of cases that were reported as negative by immunohistochemistry showed positive amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization and can get benefit from anti-HER2 targeted treatments.

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 11 2018
Journal Name
Alustath Journal For Human And Social Sciences
Investigating Self-Assessment of Teaching Profession of Iraqi EFL Teachers
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Self-assessment is a process of formative assessment during which teachers reflect on and evaluate the quality of their work, decide the degree to which they reflect explicitly stated goals or criteria, identify strengths and weaknesses in their work, and revise accordingly. The present study is an attempt to find out the SA of Iraqi English language teachers. The sample consists of 100 teachers in Baghdad. An inventory of many domains distributed to the teachers, they are, routines, expectations, language, time, opportunities, physical environment, and interactions. The results show that the EFL teachers practice four domains of SA they are: routines, physical environment, time, and language.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 31 2022
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Complications of Ponseti Technique in Treatment of Idiopathic Club Foot
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Background: Clubfoot, or talipes equinovarus, is a congenital deformity that consist of; supination and adduction of the forefoot and midfoot; equinus of hindfoot and varus. It was found that more than 100,000 babies are born each year with congenital clubfoot

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the complications of  ponseti method for treatment of children with idiopathic club foot.

Subjects and Methods: 50 children with 74 clubfeet were managed by Ponseti method from May 2019 to July 2020 in Al-Wasity teaching hospital with primary correction of the deformity followed sometimes by elongation of Achilles tendon then the pati

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 19 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Interleukin-32, interleukin-33 and acid phosphatase levels in patients with Helicobacter Pylori
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The study was carried out to detection of H. pylori in (218) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis was done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples were taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in age. The study included measurement the Levels of Interleukin-32, Interleukin-33, and Acid phosphatase   in sera of patients and control .The result indicated  presence  of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases  of males and 51 of females , Also, the result indicated  increasing levels of IL-32 and IL-33 and Acid phosphatase  in patients sera  in comparison with healthy control.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2011
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Sensorineural Deafness Among Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Al-kindi Teaching Hospital
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Background: Patients with chronic kidney
disease have different grades of sensorineural
deafness .
Objective: To study the incidence of
sensorineural hearing loss and possible contributing
factors in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods: A total of 100 patients with chronic
kidney disease were studied. All of them were
males. 92 of them were on regular haemodialysis
programme. Only 8 patients were on conservative
management the age range of the study patients was
18-40 year patients were divided into three groups
according to age. All patients were assessed
clinically and were evaluated by audiometry , and
analysis was made on bone conduction threshold
.The mean follow up period was 2

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio is not Correlated with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Inflammation leads to joint damage and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a measure of inflammation in many diseases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of NLR to detect inflammation in RA, and its correlation to RA disease activity indices and some hematological parameters. A cross-sectional study involving 24 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are using MTX participated in this study. All patients were clinically evaluated using disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28) and simplified disease activity index (SDAI), whereas functional disability was assessed by health assessment questionnaire di

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
the relationship btwen serum sialic and humoral immune response in patients with sthma
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forty-six patients with asthma were tested for the scrum levels of total sialic and diffrental the results reveled a significant increased in the scra of asthmatic patients

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Pharmacist Intervention to Address Drug Related Problems in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
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Background: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis are often given therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. Polypharmacy raises both the likelihood of prescription errors and the complications associated with drugs. Clinical pharmacists are excellent at recognizing, addressing, and preventing clinically significant drug-related problems.

Objectives: Identification types of pharmacist interventions to address drug-related problems in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and assess the acceptance/implementation of these recommendations. And identify patient factors associated with accepting pharmacist recommend

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 27 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Salivary vitamin E and uric acid in patients with OLP and healthy individuals
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Background: Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell mediated chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease of unknown etiology. Recent studies have reported an increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in such patients. This suggests that reactive oxygen species may have a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. Oxidative stress in OLP release molecules consisting of granzymes resulting in local tissue damage in the effectors. Antioxidants that can defend against oxidative stress in the body cells include enzymes, as well as non- enzymatic antioxidants, such as melatonin, uric acid, vitamin A and E. Purpose: To study the level of salivary vitamin E and uric acid as antioxidant agents in patients with OLP and compared with healthy con

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Biotechnology
The etiological role of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in systemic lupus erythematosus of iraqi female patients
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Recently, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was considered as one of the autoimmune diseases that the genetic and environmental factors contributed in the disease etiological profile. According to the environmental factors, infectious agents have been concluded to have a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE. Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are among these infectious agents that have been suggested to be involved in the etiology of SLE. Accordingly, the current study was designed to assess the anti-C. pneumoniae and anti-M. pneumoniae IgG antibody status by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 64 Iraqi SLE females' patients and 32 Iraqi healthy females as controls. The patients' group were distribu

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Bionatura
The role of ferric citrate in a sample of Iraqi patients on hemodialysis- A randomized controlled clinical trial
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Background: Uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia is the main difficulty facing staff treating patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Sevelamer and calcium-containing phosphate binders have been associated with cost burden and tissue calcification, respectively. Therefore, the current trial was targeted to investigate the efficacy of a new phosphate binder, ferric citrate, in a sample of Iraqi patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Keywords: Ferric citrate, Hemodialysis Phosphate binder

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