Background: Measuring the concentration of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) in HBV patients can be determined with immunoassay techniques. This study aimed to measure the HbsAg titers in chronic HBV patients and to assess its correlation with patients' ages, gender, and with the levels of liver enzymes and total serum bilirubin. Materials and Method: Fifty-eight chronic hepatitis B infected patients were enrolled in this study. Age and gender of the patients were recorded. HbsAg concentration was tested with automated Immunoanalyzer. The patients were also tested for ALT, AST, ALP, and TSB by automated chemistry analyzer. Results: All the chronic HBV patients have positive HBsAg titers above the negative cutoff (0.05U/L) with mean concentration equal to 3099.7U/L, and a range of 0.25-6005.2 U/L. The highest mean HbsAg concentration was in age group 50-59, while the least was in age group ≥60. There was weak negative insignificant correlation between HbsAg concentrations and ages of patients. Thirty one of the patients were males and 27 were females. The means of HbsAg concentrations between males and females were statistically not significant. The mean ALT concentration was 60.038U/L, for AST was 40.728U/L, for ALP was 113.722 U/L, and for TSB was 1.168mg/dl. The values of correlation coefficients (R) between HBsAg titers and the concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, and TSB were 0.13, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.14, respectively. Conclusions: The HBsAg titers are positive among all chronic HBV patients, with a mean titer of 3099.7U/L and all of the values are below 10000.0U/L. The mean titers increase gradually with age to reach the peak in age group 50-59 years old then decline The age, gender, serum ALT, serum AST, serum ALP, and TSB all have weak insignificant correlations with HBsAg titers among chronic HBV patients. The serum ALT is the most commonly elevated liver biomarker in chronic HBV patients.
Research Summary
This research is an attempt to explain the Qur’anic verses of the vision in the practical divine vision on the Day of Resurrection, and the legal texts narrated from the Companions regarding the vision of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, regarding the vision of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, regarding the vision of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, regarding the vision of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace He was greeted with regard to vision, and he explained the two sayings of Ibn Abbas and Aisha on the same subject, including an area of conflict between them.
Praise be to God who created the soul, perfected it, and inspired it with its immorality and piety. He says in His Noble Book: ﭤ Fajr: 27-30 Glory be to You, O God! O Lord, on whom I have chosen for You as a beloved from myself and the soul of the two worlds, may our master Muhammad be sacrificed for him, who enlightened the horizons with his introduction to enlightenment. It soon ends with the end of pleasure, which is the opposite of the pleasure of thought and meaning, as it is permanent and continuous, and from here we see that the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, urges us in various places to seek knowledge and fortify the soul and thought in a way that raises one’s status and protects him from the st
... Show MoreSildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular
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... Show MoreBackground. The use of modern aids and technology has contributed greatly to football development, the goalkeeper is the most important position in the team, and the use of devices gave objective readings about the goalkeeper's ability in terms of skill and physical aspects. Objectives. The research aimed to prepare exercises using an electronic device to measure the knee bending angle because of its great importance in developing the skill of catching and dimensions of the high ball for football goalkeepers. Methods. The researchers used the experimental method, and the sample consisted of (4) male goalkeepers under 15 years of age, one of the research procedures was to determine the biomechanical variables affecting the development of the
... Show MoreThe educational service industry is one of the most negatively affected industries by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government agencies have taken many measures to slow its spread, and then restrict movement and gatherings and stop recreational activities. Furthermore, the repercussions of the curfew had a significant impact due to the interruption in actual attendance for students and employees, and the severity of the Covid-19 crisis and its (economic, social, security, humanitarian and behavioral) effects on all societies and work sectors is no secret to anyone. Iraq, like other countries, was also affected by the negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic in all fields of institutional work, especially public fields, and specifically t
... Show MoreThe novel is the revelation of the attitudes of every age. And the writers do not know the winner of their stroke to express these events، The research has been working on a descriptive-analytical approach based on the American Comparative School، Al-Shahez's novel explores the work of the nobly and the film by Hamoun by Dariush Mehrjui By relying on the main characters of these two narratives, they depict a picture of Egypt and Iran From the symbolic lines of these works. In fact, the authors of this research have tried to initiate the introduction and analysis of these two works In fact, the authors of this research have tried to initiate the introduction and analysis of these two works.
The results of the research show that
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify the relationship between employing future skills during teaching from the viewpoint of students of Islamic studies at the Northern Border University, as well as their attitudes towards future professions. The researcher employed the correlational descriptive approach. The tools were a questionnaire for employing future skills, and a scale for the attitude towards the future profession. The two research tools were applied to a random sample of (242) male and female students from the department of Islamic Studies, College of Education and Arts. The findings showed that the total level of employing future skills and their three axes during teaching was average. It was also found that the attitude towards future
... Show MoreThe aim of the research: To identify the trends of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences towards modern teaching methods. To determine the type of strategies used that students prefer in practical lessons. In light of the research results, the researcher adopted the descriptive method because it is appropriate for the study. The research community is represented by students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (fourth stage), amounting to (320) students. Conclusions: The research results indicate that students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences have positive and strong attitudes towards using modern teaching methods, and they realize their reality in improving interaction
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