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Toward Efficient Virtual Cell-Based Topology Management and Adaptive Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) play a vital role in ocean monitoring and exploration. However, harsh underwater conditions and frequent topology changes caused by node and sink mobility pose significant challenges for reliable routing. Conventional routing protocols that depend on global route reconstruction and static paths generate excessive control overhead and degrade performance in large-scale underwater environments. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient virtual cell-based mobile-sink adaptive routing (VC-MAR) protocol for UWSNs. The sensing field is logically partitioned into a three-dimensional grid of virtual cells, where a cell-gateway is elected in each cell to construct a low-overhead routing backbone. To support sink mobility, VC-MAR introduces a localized route-adjustment mechanism that updates only the affected backbone segments rather than reconstructing the entire routing structure. By confining routing updates to neighboring cells influenced by sink movement, the proposed protocol significantly reduces control packet exchanges while ensuring stable and reliable data delivery. Simulation results show that the proposed VC-MAR improves the packet delivery ratio by up to 20% and reduces routing control overhead by about 34% compared with traditional grid-based routing methods. These results confirm the suitability of VC-MAR for dynamic and realistic underwater sensing scenarios.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archeves
ABILITY OF CRONOBACTER SAKAZAKII FOR ADHESION AND INVASION TO SKG-GT-4 CELL LINE
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ABSTRACT : Fifteenth isolates of C. sakazakii were obtained from previous studies of the sample (infant formula, cerebrospinal fluid and blood). All isolates C. sakazakii identification based on microscopic, biochemical test and confirmed by 16SrRNA. We studied the movement of all isolates and study adhesion to polystyrene plate, adhesion and invasion to Esophageal adenocarcinoma (SKG-GT-4) for four isolates [Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF5), Bloods (B 1), Dialak (A1c), Novolac Allernova (C1)] and its cytotoxicity. Results showed that all isolates can move after 4 hours of incubation and increased after 8 hours, the isolates moved to different distances strong, medium, and weak. The results showed that the number of C. sakazakii colony adherent t

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 09 2021
Journal Name
Revista Latinoamericana De Hipertension
Synthesis, chemical hydrolysis and biological evaluation of doxorubicin carbamate derivatives for targeting cancer cell
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Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
MCNet: Mask Cell of Multi Class Deep Network for Blood Cells Detection and Classification
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Physicians are likely to expend significant labor and time while manually calculating blood smears. Automatic computer-based methods for classifying acute lymphoblastic leukemia have trouble correctly lighting stained white blood cell microscopy images and accurately separating cells that touch or overlap. Additionally, incorporating machine learning techniques into medical services is very hard because doctors can deal with rough guesses as long as the results aren't too bad, but they can't use these calculations for actual medical care. Enabling a A deep network having knowledge of the accuracy of its own predictions is a fascinating and crucial issue. Most instances segmentation frameworks weigh the mask quality during the instance

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
CuInS2 Ternary Compound as Absorption Layer for Solar Cell Fabrication
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Copper indium disulphide, CuInS2, is a promising absorber material for thin film photovoltaic which has recently attracted considerable attention due to its suitability to reach high efficiency solar cells by using low cost techniques. In this work CuInS2 thin films have been deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis onto glass substrates at ambient atmosphere, using different [Cu]/[In] ratio in the aqueous solutions at substrate temperature 3000C
and different annealing temperatures . Structural and optical properties of CIS films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and optical spectroscopy. Sprayed CIS films are polycrystalline with a chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation along the 112 direction and no remains of oxides

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Pure & Applied Physics
Diferuloymethane anchored anatase TiO2 nanoparticle for dye sensitized solar cell
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 04 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Fabricated of Cu Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Solar Cell Application
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Copper with different concentrations doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared from a mixture of zinc acetate and copper acetate with sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution. The structure of the prepared samples was done by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer. Debye-Scherer formula was used to calculate the size of the prepared samples. The band gap of the nanoparticle ZnO was determined by using UV-VIS optical spectroscopy.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
International Conference Of Numerical Analysis And Applied Mathematics Icnaam 2019
Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes network sensor for NO2 gas detection at room temperature
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Publication Date
Fri Aug 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Sub–Nyquist Frequency Efficient Audio Compression
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This paper presents the application of a framework of fast and efficient compressive sampling based on the concept of random sampling of sparse Audio signal. It provides four important features. (i) It is universal with a variety of sparse signals. (ii) The number of measurements required for exact reconstruction is nearly optimal and much less then the sampling frequency and below the Nyquist frequency. (iii) It has very low complexity and fast computation. (iv) It is developed on the provable mathematical model from which we are able to quantify trade-offs among streaming capability, computation/memory requirement and quality of reconstruction of the audio signal. Compressed sensing CS is an attractive compression scheme due to its uni

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 31 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
FDPHI: Fast Deep Packet Header Inspection for Data Traffic Classification and Management
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Traffic classification is referred to as the task of categorizing traffic flows into application-aware classes such as chats, streaming, VoIP, etc. Most systems of network traffic identification are based on features. These features may be static signatures, port numbers, statistical characteristics, and so on. Current methods of data flow classification are effective, they still lack new inventive approaches to meet the needs of vital points such as real-time traffic classification, low power consumption, ), Central Processing Unit (CPU) utilization, etc. Our novel Fast Deep Packet Header Inspection (FDPHI) traffic classification proposal employs 1 Dimension Convolution Neural Network (1D-CNN) to automatically learn more representational c

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Mechanical Engineering
Innovations and Requirements of Strategy for Digital Maintenance Management in Construction Project
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