The artificial silk (Rayon) was produced from the fronds of date palms which was taken from date palm trees (type Al-Zahdi) from the Iraqi gardens. Two main parts of the frond, namely leaves and stalks were used in this study to produce rayon. The palm fronds were converted into a powder of 90-180 micrometers. Major steps were used to produce rayon; delignification, bleaching and finally dissolution. Modified organosolv method which uses organic solvent method was applied to remove high lignin content. Three variables were studied in the delignification process: temperature, the ratio of ethanol to water and digestion time. The results showed that the best percent of lignin removal was (97%) which occured at; digestion time (80 minutes), temperature (185oC) and the ratio of ethanol: water of 50: 50 wt/wt. Statistical experimental design type Central Composite Design (CCD) has been used to find a mathematical relationship between the variables and the remaining lignin percent as a dependent variable. The effect of using different catalysts in delignification process have been studied and found that the best catalyst is sodium hydroxide at the concentration (0.025) mole/L which gave the same percent removal of lignin (97%) but with low digestion time about 30 min. In the next step, the cellulose was dissolved using. NaOH with different concentrations (4%-12%) and the results showed that the optimum concentration of sodium hydroxide was 8% at temperature - 20oC. In order to improve cellulose dissolution, urea was added with proportion (6% NaOH + 4% urea). Finally, the cellulose was spinning with 10% H2SO4 to prepare rayon.
This research discloses the synthesis of various polyester resins, the polyesters containing homoring aromatic and others heterocyclic were synthesized by the condensation polymerization of suitable monomers (which are containing variety function groups in different structures) with phthalic anhydride. The main objective is synthesis of new polyester with keeping a reasonable electrical insulating behavior. The structural of polymer was characterized by Fourier Transform infra-red spectroscopy FTIR and HNMR. The dielectric constant (real ε' and imaginary parts ε") and AC conductivity (σAC) for all the polyester samples are studied by varying the frequency (30, 50, 70, 90, 120, 300, 500Hz and 1KHZ) at 25⁰ C. Indeed, study of the electri
... Show MoreThe silver nanoparticles synthesized have to be handled by humans and must be available at cheaper rates for their effective utilization; thus, there is a need for an environmentally and economically feasible way to synthesize these nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesis of silver nanoparticles using phenolic compounds extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis. The maceration method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to prepare aqueous and methanolic Rosmarinus officinalis leaves extracts respectively, Furthermore, Rosmarinus officinalis silver nanoparticles (RAgNPs) were prepared from the aqueous and methanolic leaves extract of this plant and diagnosed using the ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
... Show MoreA series of benzohydrazide derivatives attached to coumarin moiety at position 6 and 7 have been synthesized. The reaction of coumarin derivatives (coumarin I and II) with p-nitrophenyl hydrazine yield Schiff bases (compound1a and IIa).These Schiff bases were refluxed with benzoyl chloride to give benzohydrazide derivatives of coumarin substituted at its 6 or 7 nucleus position (Ia1 and IIa1).The reaction and the purity of the products were checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The structures of the final compounds and their intermediates were confirmed by their melting points, infra red spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis(CHN).
Compounds (Ia1 and IIa1) were evaluated for&n
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Objectives: Two derivatives of cephalexin were synthesized by reaction with isatin-glycine Schiff base and bromoisatin-glycine Schiff base separately. Methods: Cephalexin was linked through the amine group to isatin glycine and bromoisatin glycine Schiff bases by amide bond formation. Results: These derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, H-NMR, elemental CHN analysis and then tested for their antimicrobial activity compared to cephalexin against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans fungi. Conclusion: The two compounds showed better activity against Staphylococcus aureus, compound 3b is more active against Escherichia coli, and compound 3a is more active against Klebsiella pneumonia.
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We have investigated the impact of laser pulse wavelength on the quantity of ablated materials. Specifically, this study investigated the structural, optical, and morphological characteristics of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs) that were synthesized using the technique of pulsed-laser ablation of a tungsten plate. A DD drop of water was used as the ablation environment at a fixed fluence at 76.43 J/cm2 and pulse number was 400 pulses of the laser. The first and second harmonic generation ablations were carried out, corresponding to wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm, respectively. The Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operates at a repetition rate of 1 Hz and has a pulse width of roughly 15 ns. These parameters are applicable to both wavelen
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A new two series of liquid crystalline Schiff bases containing thiazole moiety with different length of alkoxy spacer were synthesized, and the relation between the spacer length and the liquid crystalline behavior was investigated. The molecular structures of these compounds were performed by elemental analysis and FTIR, 1HNMR spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline properties were examined by hot stage optical polarizing microscopy (OPM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All compouns of the two series display liquid crystalline nematic mesophase. The liquid crystalline behaviour has been analyzed in terms of structural property relationship
Three Schiff bases from Benzaldehyde and Salicylaldehyde have been synthesized (A, 1and 2) and two of them (1and 2) have been tested for anti-inflammatory activity. The p-aminobenzene sulfonamide has been synthesized from acetanilide through the addition of excess chlorosulfonic acid then concentrated ammonia solution; Schiff base of this derivative (2) exhibited good level of activity against egg-white induced edema in rat hind paw, while the other tested derivative exhibited no activity.
Key words: Schiff bases, sulfonamide derivatives, salicylaldehyde
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In the present study, ( Schiff's bases 6a - 6e) and (new amids derivatives 6f - 6j) have been synthesized . The glutaroyl chloride(2) has been prepared by the reacting of glutaric acid and thionyl chloride in presence of (DMF) . The new compound bis(4-formylphenyl) glutarate (3) has been Synthesized from reaction of one mole of glutaroyl chloride and two moles of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde . Compound 4,4'-(glutaroylbis(oxy))dibenzoic acid (4) was Synthesized from one mole of glutaroyl chloride and two moles of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, while compound bis(4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl) glutarate (5) was prepared from 4,4'-(glutaroylbis(oxy))dibenzoic acid and Thionyl chloride . Then Schiff's bases 6a - 6e that prepared
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In this study, new derivatives of 3-C-spiro ring nucleoside analogues were synthesized. The structures of these derivatives were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,1 HNMR (some of them) and elemental analysis. The nucleoside derivatives were tested for inhibition of E-coli and were all found to be active.