Variation order plays an important role in calculating the final cost and time. The paper aims to determine the causes of variation orders in projects performed between 2007-2014 in Erbil governorate projects. Data was collected from contract documents. Performed in the Erbil governorate projects from 2007-2014. The study seeks to identify the most significant causes of delays by assessing the common causes of delays in terms of frequency, severity and 

important indices of owners, consultants and contractors related to&n

Objectives Dental implant is a revolution in dentistry; some shortages are still a focus of research. This study use long duration of radiofrequency (RF)–magnetron sputtering to coat titanium (Ti) implant with hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain a uniform, strongly adhered in a few micrometers in thickness. Materials and Methods Two types of substrates, discs and root form cylinders were prepared using a grade 1 commercially pure (CP) Ti rod. A RF–magnetron sputtering device was used to coat specimens with HA. Magnetron sputtering was set at 150 W for 22 hours at 100°C under continuous argon gas flow and substrate rotation at 10 rpm. Coat properties were evaluated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electro

           The current study aims to show the importance of plant products as mosquitocides against Culex quinquefasciatus. Castor oil Nanoemulsions were subedit in various ratios including castor oil, ethanol, tween 80, and deionized water by using ultrasonication. Thermodynamic, centrifugation, PH, assay which improved that the formula  of 10 ml  of castor  oil, ethanol  5ml, tween 80 (14 ml) and deionized water 71ml was more stable than other formulas. The stable formula of castor oil nanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Nanoemulsion droplets were spherical in shape and were found to have a Z-average diameter of 87.4nm. A concentration of ca

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of Manganese on Histopathological changes in testes. Manganese Chloride was given to white mice with oral containing 150_200 and 250 mg/kg for periods of 15_30 and 45 days. The present study recorded the existence of histopathological symptoms in the testes, such as degeneration and necrosis in the tubules, congestion inside blood vessels and Edema in the interstitial tissue, as well as the appearance of giant cells inside the seminiferous tubules.

Background : In order for a tooth to erupt, two obvious requirements are needed. First, there has to be alveolar bone resorption of the bone overlying the crown of the tooth such that an eruption pathway is formed. Second, resorption of bony crypt and apposition of new one, third, there has to be a biological process that will result in the tooth moving through this eruption pathway.The amniotic sac contains a considerable quantity of stem cells. These amniotic stem cells are multipotent and able to differentiate into various tissues, which may be useful for human application. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is concentrated on bone biology, more specifically bone metabolism. RANKL plays a vital role in osteoclast

Manganese is considered as one of heavy metals with high toxicity .This element has been used widely in various industries and it is spread with huge quantities in polluted industries areas. As a result the concentrations of this element in the environment have increased and consequently producing acute toxic effects in different tissues and organs of all organisms. A study has been conducted on (30) female of Swiss albino mice, to find out the effect of manganese chloride in histopathological changes of ovaries. The study includes, giving the manganese chloride with concentrations (150, 200 and 250 mg/kg) for (15, 30 and 45 day) for each concentration. The

The current study was concerned with the effect of alkaloid extract of the aerial parts of Capparis spinosa against Entamoeba histolytica and compared with drug Metronidazole in the laboratory mice .Stool samples were collected from people infected with maebiasis to infect laboratory mice . The alkaloid compounds were separated by thin chromatography technique (TLC) and identified by spectral methods represented by spectral infrared (IR) and altraviolate (UV) . the stady include determining mid-term lethal dose LD50 of the extract as the concentration was 21.65 g / kg . The effect dose of the extract was tested on the infected experimental mice with Entamoeba histolytica after 10 days of the infection compared with the mice infected

This experiment was conducted in order to estimate azulene and apigenin in chamomile flowers. Ethanol extracts were examined singly or in combination with some drugs in their biological activity against some pathogens causing skin infection. Ethanol extract was applied at a concentration of 40 mg/ml for the treatment of induced skin infection of mice. Among the topicals used, Claforan was found the most effective on microorganisms causing skin diseases; ethanol extract was more effective than the drug Candimazole solution 1%. HPLC was used for the determination of azulene and apigenin active compounds of chamomile plant.

l development in addition to environmental reform, which is not possible at its best, and from this the faculties of physical education and sports science realize the scale of the problem and its importance in the development of society that this all puts on the faculties of education Physical and sports sciences are a very difficult task and an end in holiness, for it is the responsibility of the human development service and its leadership, because the community leaders and its elites are those who value their direction and future more than others. The importance of this study comes from the goal of sustainable development to maximizing pain. The net gain from higher education while ensuring the preservation of the quality of reso

The major climate changes that have affected the planet in addition to wave the big drought plaguing the study area, including the lack of water for imports Badra River fatigue because of the Iran constructing dams on this river and make use of the waters for the benefitof its territory. The subject of finding sources of water has become available with the possibility of exploiting them in an exemplary manner is one of the key things in order to be exploited somewhere.
The study area was chosen within the eastern border of the province of Wasit within the district of Badra border, an area of (1557.5 km2) almost "to study the characteristics of hydrological and identify possibilities for water harvesting them. In this study was conduct