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Treatment of Waste Paper Using Ultrasound and Sodium Hydroxide for Bioethanol Production
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Bioethanol produced from lignocellulose feedstock is a renewable substitute to declining fossil fuels. Pretreatment using ultrasound assisted alkaline was investigated to enhance the enzyme digestibility of waste paper. The pretreatment was conducted over a wide range of conditions including waste paper concentrations of 1-5%, reaction time of 10-30 min and temperatures of 30-70°C. The optimum conditions were 4 % substrate loading with 25 min treatment time at 60°C where maximum reducing sugar obtained was 1.89 g/L. Hydrolysis process was conducted with a crude cellulolytic enzymes produced by Cellulomonas uda (PTCC 1259).The maximum amount of sugar released and hydrolysis efficiency were 20.92 g/L and 78.4 %, respectively. Sugars released from waste paper were fermented into bioethanol with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The maximum concentration of bioethanol estimated was 9.5 g/L after 48h of cultivation, the yield and volumetric productivity were 0.454 g/g glucose and 0.2g bioethanol/ L h. respectively. This study of ultrasound and sodium hydroxide treatment may be (we think) it will be a promising technique to develop bioethanol production from waste paper.

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Publication Date
Thu May 21 2026
Journal Name
Al-rafidain University College For Sciences
Uncertainty types and theories of treatment
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In this research the researcher had the concept of uncertainty in terms of types and theories of treatment and measurement as it was taken up are three types of indeterminacy and volatility and inconsistency

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study on Using Cement Kiln Dust and Plastic Bottle Waste to Improve the Geotechnical Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Sulaimani City, Northern Iraq
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In this study, stabilization of expansive soils using waste materials namely; Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and waste plastic bottles (WPB) was experimentally investigated. Using CKD and WPB are exponentially increasing day by day, due to their capability to solve both environmental and geotechnical problems successfully. Expansive soils were collected from locations with a wide range of plasticity index (PI) (15 - 27) and liquid limit (LL) (35% - 64%). Stabilizer percentages were varied from 0% to 20%, and curing durations for CKD cases were 7 and 28 days. Results showed the best percentages of CKD and WPB are 12% of each one respectively. LL, plastic limit (PL), and swelling percent (SP) loss were observed, which are 46%, 55%, and 96% respec

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Aluminum Rubbish as a Coagulant for Oily Wastewater Treatment
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In this study an experimental work was done to study the possibility of using aluminum rubbish material as a coagulant to remove the colloidal particles from oily wastewater by dissolving this rubbish in sodium hydroxide solution. The experiments were carried out on simulated oily wastewater that was prepared at different oil concentrations and hardness levels (50, 250, 500, and 1000) ppm oil for (2000, 2500, 3000, and 3500) ppm CaCo3 respectively. The initial turbidity values were (203, 290, 770, and 1306) NTU, while the minimum values of turbidity that have been gained from the experiments in NTU units were (1.67, 1.95, 2.10, and 4.01) at best sodium aluminate dosages in milliliters (12, 20, 24, and 28) for

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 12 2016
Journal Name
Revista Pesquisa Em Fisioterapia
YOGA AS A TREATMENT FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORTS: A HYPOTHESIS
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Introduction: Nowadays, the prevalence of Musculoskeletal Discomforts (MSD) is increasing in the world. As treatment, usually surgery or physiotherapyare recommended, but they are expensive and may cause side effects. Apracticalcourse of treatment without negative side effects and with permanent positive effects is lacking. Objective: To suggest a practical course of treatment, introduced by a licensed Yoga coach who is experienced in this field, and through thatto shed a light on yoga as treatment for MSD. The hypothesis is that yoga may decrease the pain among individuals with MSD. Methods: This hypothesis is presented based on the practical techniques used in Yoga including body relaxation and breathing awareness (2 minutes & 3 minutes r

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Publication Date
Fri May 16 2025
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal Of Engineering Sciences
Comparative Study of Activated Carbon and Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Activated Carbon Derived from Tea Waste for Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solution
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The present work elucidates the utilization of activated carbon (AC) and activated carbon loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-AC) to remove tetracycline (TC) from synthetically polluted water. The activated carbon was prepared from tea residue and loaded with silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were used to characterize the activated carbon (AC) and silver nanoparticles-loaded activated carbon (AgNPs-AC). The impact of various parameters on the adsorption effectiveness of TC was examined. These variables were the initial adsorbate concentration (Co), solution acidity (pH), adsorption time (t), and dosag

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 03 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Recovery of Aluminum from Industrial Waste (Slag) by Melting and Electrorefining Processes
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Slag of aluminum is a residue which results during the melting process of primary and secondary aluminum production. Salt slag of aluminum is hazardous solid waste according to the European Catalogue for Hazardous Wastes. Hence, recovery of aluminum not only saves the environment, but also has advantages of financial and economic returns. In this research, aluminum was recovered and purified from the industrial wastes generated as waste from both of State Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries (Baghdad/AlWaziriya) and General Company for Mechanical Industries (Babylon/-Al-Escandria). It was found that these wastes contain tiny proportions of other elements such as iron, copper, nickel, titanium, lead, and potassium. Wastes were

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Desalting of RO Waste and Drainage Water by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
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Direct contact membrane distillation is an effective method for production of fresh water from saline water. In this study two samples were used as feed solutions; the first one was RO waste from Al-Hilla Coca-Cola Factory (TDS= 2382 mg/l) and the other was Haji Ali drainage water (TDS= 4127 mg/l). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hydrophobic membrane supported with polypropylene (PP) was used as flat sheet form with plate and frame cell. Results proved that membrane distillation is an effective technique to produce fresh water with high quality from brine with low salinity content. With membrane area of 8x8 cm2, the volume of treated water decreased from 34.97 ml at first half hour to 33.02 ml after 180 min of

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Isolation and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria from biopolymers waste in soil
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Abstract<p>The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates PHAs from biopolymer degrading bacteria was examined <italic>in situ</italic> by screening isolates using Sudan B Black staining process as potential PHAs detecting, and Nile Blue staining as a proof method detection. Five bacterial strains isolated from biopolymer waste buried in a garden soil were able to produce high rate of PHA. <italic>AK1P</italic> and <italic>AK2P</italic> strains demonstrated high productivity of biopolymer by converting 5% (w/v) lactose as the only carbon source to PHA during fermentation. <italic>AY2P</italic> strain converted 5% (w/v) of glucose with less PHA accumulation. The f</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
International Journal Of Current Engineering And Technology
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle in the form of Paper Willow by Hot Chemical Reduction Method
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Abstract: Colloidal gold nanoparticles (ringworm Palm or in the form of paper willow) have been prepared from HAuCl4 containing aqueous solution by hot chemical reduction method. The colloidal gold nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDX, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the variation of reduction time from boiling point affects the size of the nanoparticles and also in chemical reduction approach the size of nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the amount of variation the volume of reductant material with respect to the volume of HAuCL4.

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 18 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Fluoxetine in Healthy Male Adult Volunteers(Conference Paper )#
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Fluoxetine (FX) is an antidepressant drug administered only orally in humans. Despite the wide use of FX, until now, there is only limited literature concerning the pharmacokinetics (PK) of FX and the effect of food on its PK. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to study the PK of FX in Arabic healthy male adult volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. In the fasting study, FX 20 mg capsules (Prozac®, Eli Lilly, Canada) were administered to 41 volunteers after overnight fasting of 12 hours, followed by blood sampling from each volunteer immediately before dosing (zero time) and then at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, and eventually at 144 hours after FX dosing. The fed study was conduct

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