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the incidence and the clinical significance of gray zone in the clinical phases of chronic hepatitis B infection
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Background: five clinical phases were described in patients with chronic (HBV) infection: HBeAg- positive HBV infection, HBeAg- positive chronic HB, HBeAg negative HBV infection, HBeAg-negative CHB and occult HBV infection. Aim: This study aimed to determine the incidence of the unclassified phase (gray zone) in chronic hepatitis B patients and its significant in the clinical practice. Patients and methods: The study was conducted retrospectively on 109 patients' who have HBsAg positive for more than 6 months. The data recorded include; HbeAg and anti-HBe Ab, ultrasound of the abdomen, HBV DNA load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), accordingly; we classify the patients to known clinical phases. Patients who were unfit one of these phases considered to be in the gray zone and subsequently sent for liver fibroscan to determine the fibrosis stage. Results: The mean age of our patients was 34.25 (±13.93) years with 54.12% being males. The mean viral load was 5,885,490 IU/ml and mean ALT was 56.22 (±89.88) U/L. eight patients (7.3%) were in the HBeAg+ve HBV infection, 13 patients (11.9%) were in HBeAg+ve CHB . Thirty four patients (31.1%) were in the HBeAg-ve HBV infection and 23 (21.1%) were in HBeAg-ve CHB phase, both were showed a higher occurrence with age> 35 years. Thirty one (28.4%) further patients failed to identify with any of the four phases (normal ALT with HBV load > 2000 IU/ml), this group also showed significant relation to age above 35 years and 12 patients (38.8%) had significant fibrosis on fibroscan. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients with chronic HBV infection have persistently normal ALT levels, despite elevated levels of viral load; this is known as the "grey zone" phase. These patients merit close follow up with short-interval measurement of liver enzymes, liver fibroscan and biopsy may be considered.

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effectiveness of the organization and its role in achieving the requirements of Strategic success: A survey study of the opinions of a sample of workers at the Asia Telecom Company in Baghdad
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The research aims present to highlight the importance of creating construction Organizational appropriate to achieve strategic success and reduce many of the negative effects experienced by organizations has been developing his questionnaire especially so was distributed to a sample of workers in the Asia-cellular as sample included (60) responsive 0 and can embody intellectual dilemma following questions (What are the dimensions of the organizational infrastructure, and what are the justifications for carrying out the reform and development cleared the organizational structure to make it more flexible) to contribute to the achievement of the strategic requirements for success of the organization surveyed.
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Importance of the Corporate of Governances to the Activate the Quality and Integrity of Financial Reports
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The study aims at showing the Importance of the Corporate of Governances to the Activate the quality and integrity of financial reports prepared inside the companies through explaining what they should be obliged to in writing the reports and financial and nonfinancial statements according to the international standards of accounting to be transparent and integral. It also aims at giving the independence that the auditors should enjoy through connecting them to an Auditing Commissions to submit additional services in addition to assessing the instrument of control to evaluate risks, give consultations and the services related to the governance and independence of Supervising Council.         &

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2017
Journal Name
Iraq Journal Of Agricultural Research
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TOTAL COSTS AND NET REVENUE OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS USING TWO TYPES OF SEEDLINGS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BARLEY GREEN VARIETY SAMEER IN THE GYPSUM SOILS
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The intellectual Umbrella for the strategic scenario in business organizations - The Opinions and the Spotlights
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Today, more than ever before, the business organizations’ initiatives should seek to design themselves and delivery them to the environment because of its change, and the increasing of uncertainties and the growing opportunities. What is required by the business organizations is that to adopt good approaches to stimulate the modern thinking and non traditional thinking and exploit the valued concepts and overcome the old thinking. Substantially, the scenario planning is the art of thinking about what is unexpected.

       Therefore the research’s problem is reflected to answer the following questions:

  • What

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Publication Date
Mon May 17 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
The Relative Contribution of the Flexibility for the Hip Joint, the Angle of the Knees, and the Muscular Strength for Arms of Performance of the Front and Back Rolling Skills, Opening on the Floor Movement Mat
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In order to improve the students’ performance level in some of the skills that are implemented on the mat device of ground movements, including the front and rear rolling, it is necessary to study the most important indicators that have a clear impact on the performance of those rolls. Among the objectives of the research: To identify the percentage of the contribution of flexibility of the hip joint, the angle of the knees and the muscular strength of the arms in the performance of the front and rear rolling skills, an opening of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the work, and the research community was represented by students of the third st

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of the legal rules to the reduction of public office Crimes(Search in the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Environment)
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Abstract

The goal of the research is to diagnose some of the negative phenomena which was discovered through the period from (2010 to 2014) as determined by the national strategy to eliminate the corruption which was set out by the joint council of  the corruption elimination in Iraq. And to measure the gap in applying the legal rules by the administration, concerning the misconducts and felonies upon the state employments made by the state employee and how far they are applied in the studied sample and to show the nature of the rules and their importance and their role when they are applied in scientific and expertise manner. And to encourage the offices of the general supervisors to adhere to them which will lead t

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 25 2024
Journal Name
Entrepreneurship Journal For Fiinance And Business
The role of psychological ownerships' dimensions in deterring the effects of toxic leadership: Analytical research in some companies at the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Iraq
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The research aims to clarify the role that psychological ownership, through its dimensions, plays in deterring the effects of toxic leadership, through its dimensions, in the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. The research started with a basic problem represented by the following question: "Using psychological ownership and its application in deterring the negative effects of toxic leadership." The research used the descriptive-analytical method. The sample was randomly selected from workers in some selected companies affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Baghdad, and the sample size reached 124 individuals. One of the most important results is that there is an effect of the psychological ownership variable, based on the

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
A Study On The Effects Of Risk Factors On The Pathology And The Development Of Breast Cancer In Iraqi Women
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Breast cancer is one of the most important malignant diseases all over the world. The incidence of breast cancer is increasing around the world and it is still the leading cause of cancer mortality An Approximately 1.3 million new cases were diagnosed worldwide last year. With areas rising increasing, risk factors for breast cancer including obesity, early menarche, alcohol and smoking, environmental contamination and reduced or late birth rates become more prevalent. In Iraq, breast cancer ranks first among types of cancers diagnosed in women. This study was conducted on one hundred twenty women with breast cancer that was evaluated and investigated for the possible role of the risk factors on the development of breast cancer in females. T

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 10 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Language Studies
Opening the Box of Suffering, Unleashing the Evils of the World’: Pandora and her Representation in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry
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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
The Psychological Pollution And Its Role In The Effectiveness Of The Administrative Performance Of International Stadiums Staff (Baghdad, Arbil, Basrah)
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MT Abed, ALSG Irhayyim, TH Rija, International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 2020 - Cited by 1

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