Introduction Oral biopsy is a fundamental diagnostic procedure in dentistry, essential for the early detection of oral cancer and other pathologies. While theoretical knowledge is a core component of dental education, the translation of this knowledge into clinical confidence and practical ability is critical for patient care. Objective: : evaluate the awareness, knowledge, and self-perceived ability to perform oral biopsies Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students. Participants (n=110) comprising 14 multiple-choice questions assessing key variables: knowledge of biopsy principles, techniques, lesion identification, specimen preservation, and ability to perform the procedure Results: While theoretica

The current study aimed the syntheses and characterizations of Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using a laser ablation Q-switched Nd: YAG laser with a wave-length of 355 nm at a variety of laser pulse energies (E) and deposited on porous silicon (PS). Optical emission spectrometer was used to diagnosed medium air to study gold plasma characteristics and prepared Au nanoparticles. The laser pulse energy influence has been studied on the plasma characteristics in air. The data showed the emergence of the ionic (Au II) spectral emission lines in the gold plasma emission spectrum. XRD has been utilized to examine structural characteristics. Moreover, AFM results 37.2 nm as the mean value of the diameter that is coordinated in a shape similar to the

Estimation of the unknown parameters in 2-D sinusoidal signal model can be considered as important and difficult problem. Due to the difficulty to find estimate of all the parameters of this type of models at the same time, we propose sequential non-liner least squares method and sequential robust  M method after their development through the use of sequential  approach in the estimate suggested by Prasad et al to estimate unknown frequencies and amplitudes for the 2-D sinusoidal compounds but depending on Downhill Simplex Algorithm in solving non-linear equations for the purpose of obtaining non-linear parameters estimation which represents frequencies and then use of least squares formula to estimate

Mixture experiments are response variables based on the proportions of component for this mixture. In our research we will compare the scheffʼe model with the kronecker model for the mixture experiments, especially when the experimental area is restricted.

     Because of the experience of the mixture of high correlation problem and the problem of multicollinearity between the explanatory variables, which has an effect on the calculation of the Fisher information matrix of the regression model.

     to estimate the parameters of the mixture model, we used the (generalized inverse ) And the Stepwise Regression procedure