Permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal cracking are the three typical distresses of flexible pavement. Using hydrated lime (HL) into the conventional limestone mineral additive has been widely practiced, including in Europe, to improve the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete and as the result the durability of the constructed pavement. Large number of experimental studies have been reported to find the optimum addition of HL for the improvement on HMA concrete mechanical properties, moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance. Pavement in service is under complex thermomechanical stress-strain conditions due to coupled atmospheric and surrounding environment temperature variation and the traffic loading. To predict and analyse the performance of pavement structures the data only from uniaxial compressive test for the resilient modulus and permanent deformation would be not enough. However, so far, the data of HL modified HMA concrete under complex loading conditions are still not well informatively complete. To contribute new knowledge, this paper reports an experimental study of both uni- and tri-axial tests for the asphalt concrete using HL into mineral additive for the mixes designed for the applications of wearing, levelling, and base layers, respectively. All the tests were conducted under three controlled temperatures and four stress deviations. The test results have showed that, for all three types of mixes, the permanent deformation of the HL mixes is less than the ones of no HL addition. The degree of the improvement on permanent deformation resistance using HL is much pronounced at high stress deviation states. The results have also showed that the resilient modulus strongly depends on the temperature and stress deviation while the mixes of HL addition demonstrate higher rigidity. At last, mathematical characterization models have been proposed for the measured material properties. A numerical simulation case study has been performed to test and demonstrate the application of the proposed unified property model
В статье рассматривается вопрос об использовании мультимедийных средств для оптимизации процесса формирования коммуникативной компетенции в иракской аудитории с привлечением компьютерных технологий. Статья посвящена использованию мультимедийных технологий и различных приемов формирования интереса к русскому языку. Включение в процесс обучения коммуникативно-значимого, аутентичн
... Show MoreIt is no secret to anyone that studying and investigating books of jurisprudence, despite their suffering, is a pleasure that cannot be compared to pleasure, and it has benefits and importance that cannot be limited and summed up, and it has great fruits that researchers and students of knowledge reap, as well as enriching libraries with jurisprudential material, after dusting them and taking them out to the light of libraries to be seen. Researchers and scholars, generation after generation, so that this nation can benefit from this pioneering intellectual and scientific product that was written for us by our first ancestors of working scholars who enriched human civilization with this scientific material, which has become a beacon guid
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