Permanent deformation, fatigue and thermal cracking are the three typical distresses of flexible pavement. Using hydrated lime (HL) into the conventional limestone mineral additive has been widely practiced, including in Europe, to improve the mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA) concrete and as the result the durability of the constructed pavement. Large number of experimental studies have been reported to find the optimum addition of HL for the improvement on HMA concrete mechanical properties, moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance. Pavement in service is under complex thermomechanical stress-strain conditions due to coupled atmospheric and surrounding environment temperature variation and the traffic loading. To predict and analyse the performance of pavement structures the data only from uniaxial compressive test for the resilient modulus and permanent deformation would be not enough. However, so far, the data of HL modified HMA concrete under complex loading conditions are still not well informatively complete. To contribute new knowledge, this paper reports an experimental study of both uni- and tri-axial tests for the asphalt concrete using HL into mineral additive for the mixes designed for the applications of wearing, levelling, and base layers, respectively. All the tests were conducted under three controlled temperatures and four stress deviations. The test results have showed that, for all three types of mixes, the permanent deformation of the HL mixes is less than the ones of no HL addition. The degree of the improvement on permanent deformation resistance using HL is much pronounced at high stress deviation states. The results have also showed that the resilient modulus strongly depends on the temperature and stress deviation while the mixes of HL addition demonstrate higher rigidity. At last, mathematical characterization models have been proposed for the measured material properties. A numerical simulation case study has been performed to test and demonstrate the application of the proposed unified property model
Abstract
It is clear to everyone how important it is to implement transactions electronically, as it facilitates the provision of services to beneficiaries, whether individuals or institutions, to achieve many benefits that are not exclusive to the beneficiary or the applicant, but extends to the governmental and international bodies. And the number of users has reached millions since its emergence in 1995, because the concepts of electronic transactions have great advantages for the economy in general and the banking sector in particular, so cooperation in various fields with the aim of becoming an information society has become paramount, It allows customers to pay money to any company they want t
... Show MoreThe study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using rational judgment strategy in teaching science to develop scientific thinking for second-grade students. The researcher utilized the quasi-experimental approach based on (the pre/post designing) of two groups: experimental and control. As for tools: a test of scientific thinking prepared by the researcher that proved its verification of their validity and reliability. The test applied on a random sample of (66) students, divided into two groups: (34) experimental, and (32) control. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-application of the scientific thinking test, In each skill separately, and in the total skills. The study recommende
... Show MoreThe capital banking foundation stone upon which the bank in the practice of business activities, the more capital a good financial adequacy of the increased bank's ability to grant credit and expand the various activities and provide a safety element for depositors and other sources of funding to achieve profits and increase the trading volume of the shares, causing the rise the rate of return for the shares of banks and have the Central Bank as head of the banking system by issuing instructions capital increase banking, according to the requirements of economic development and increase gross domestic product by supporting investment projects that are financed through banks, the research aims to show the extent of the banks commitment to
... Show MoreThe Vulnerable Indian Roofed Turtle Pangshura tecta (Gray, 1831) (Testudines: Geoemydidae) occurs in the Sub-Himalayan lowlands of India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Little is known about its natural history, no studies have been conducted revealing its natural predators. In this study, a group of Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler, 1827 (Passeriformes: Corvidae) was observed hunting and predating on an Indian Roofed Turtle carcass in the bank of river Kuakhai, Bhubaneswar, India. The first record of this predation behaviour is reported and substantiated by photographic evidence.
This study aims to identify the role of forensic accounting in resolving banking disputes in the Iraqi environment, and to achieve this goal, the fiel
d survey method was used, as it is the most appropriate for studying the phenomenon in question and achieving its objectives. A sample of (50) male and female employees was selected, distributed among five banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the Baghdad governorate. The questionnaire tool prepared for this purpose was applied to them, which consisted of two main axes. The first axis included paragraphs of questions related to the importance of forensic accounting. The second axis relates to disputes At the end of the research, we reached a set of conclusions, the most import
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The research aims to identify the concept of trading securities in Iraq and to propose a new mechanism for the taxation of trading profits and the extent of its impact on tax revenues, as it was observed that there are professional investors in the trading market and some of them achieve huge annual profits. and this profit should be like other taxable profits. The General Commission of Taxes and in cooperation with the Iraq Stock Exchange should identifying those profits, subjecting them to income tax, and adding them to the tax base. The researcher relied on the use of the descriptive and analytical approach bas
... Show MorePurpose – The main purpose of this research is to highlight the main role of strategic leadership skills for top managements in accessing to effective management in accordance with the (VUCA Prime) methodology in (VUCA) environment as Miniature virtual environment, which refers to (Volatility), (Uncertainty), (Complexity), and (Ambiguity).
methodology – To achieve the research objective, this study selected the quantitative approach in research design, Questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection, the sample comprised the opinion poll (106) individual who functions as a head department. (Structural equation modelling by (Smart Pls3)
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