This paper is concerned with finding solutions to free-boundary inverse coefficient problems. Mathematically, we handle a one-dimensional non-homogeneous heat equation subject to initial and boundary conditions as well as non-localized integral observations of zeroth and first-order heat momentum. The direct problem is solved for the temperature distribution and the non-localized integral measurements using the Crank–Nicolson finite difference method. The inverse problem is solved by simultaneously finding the temperature distribution, the time-dependent free-boundary function indicating the location of the moving interface, and the time-wise thermal diffusivity or advection velocities. We reformulate the inverse problem as a non-linear optimization problem and use the lsqnonlin non-linear least-square solver from the MATLAB optimization toolbox. Through examples and discussions, we determine the optimal values of the regulation parameters to ensure accurate, convergent, and stable reconstructions. The direct problem is well-posed, and the Crank–Nicolson method provides accurate solutions with relative errors below 0.006% when the discretization elements are M=N=80. The accuracy of the forward solutions helps to obtain sensible solutions for the inverse problem. Although the inverse problem is ill-posed, we determine the optimal regularization parameter values to obtain satisfactory solutions. We also investigate the existence of inverse solutions to the considered problems and verify their uniqueness based on established definitions and theorems.
JM Karhoot, AA Noaimi, WF Ahmad, The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2012 - Cited by 7
This thesis aims to show the effects of the development of the traditional manual system of the tax accounting process to the electronic system by the activation of the tax identification numbers (TINs) mechanism. The impact of this development is facilitating the tax accounting process, tax fraudand thus increasing the tax outcome.To prove the research hypothesis, an electronic system was designed based on income tax report, estimation note of individuals, in additional to using Adobe Dreamweaver application to write PHP, HTML, Javascript, and CSS web languages to implement the proposed system. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is; not enough the communication methods between the Genera
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to design and construct a
semiconductor laser range finder operating in the near infrared range
for ranging and designation. The main part of the range finder is the
transmitter which is a semiconductor laser type GaAs of wavelength
0.904 μm with a beam expander and the receiver; a silicon pin
detector biased to approve the fast response time with it's collecting
optics. The transmitters pulse width was 200ns at a threshold current
of 10 Ampere and maximum operating current of 38 Ampere. The
repetition rate was set at 660Hz and the maximum operating output
power was around 1 watt. The divergence of the beam was 0.268o
the efficiency of the laser was 0.03% at a duty cycle of 1.32x
The research aims to develop physical exercises with auxiliary training tools that work to develop the explosive power of the arms and legs, and then find out their effect on the accuracy of shooting from free throw and correction from jumping of advanced basketball players, as the researchers found a problem that these players have weakness in the skill of throwing Free throwing and shooting by jumping calculated with two points as a result of adopting unhealthy physical and technical positions, which led to a lack of focus and accuracy, and thus negatively affected the performance technique of free throw and jump shot, as most teams use traditional exercises without the use of auxiliary training tools, and this topic gave researchers the
... Show MoreThe game of volleyball, like all other sports, has been made by new amendments, the most important of which is the system of what is not the system of the free player in 1998, which gave added importance to the skills of receiving the transmission and defending the stadium being one of the important skills where the law allowed the free player to move and position in the back positions of the stadium Limited support mainly defensive skills. This is to make the state of stability and balance between defensive and offensive skills, which helps in the development of the game and make it exciting and enjoyable for players and fans. Therefore, the researchers decided to shed light by identifying the percentage of the contribution of the free pla
... Show MoreThe high and low water levels in Tigris River threaten the banks of the river. The study area is located on the main stream of Tigris River at Nu’maniyah City and the length of the considered reach is 5.4 km, especially the region from 400 m upstream Nu’maniyah Bridge and downstream of the bridge up to 1250 mwhich increased the risk ofthe problemthat itheading towardsthe streetand causingdanger tonearbyareas.
The aim of this research is to identify the reason of slope collapse and find proper treatments for erosion problem in the river banks with the least cost. The modeling approach consisted of several steps, the first of which is by using “mini” JET (Jet Erosion Test) d
... Show MoreBackground: Scientific education aims to be inclusive and to improve students learning achievements, through appropriate teaching and learning. Problem Based Learning (PBL) system, a student centered method, started in the second half of the previous century and is expanding progressively, organizes learning around problems and students learn about a subject through the experience of solving these problems.Objectives:To assess the opinions of undergraduate medical students regarding learning outcomes of PBL in small group teaching and to explore their views about the role of tutors and methods of evaluation. Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.Methods: This study was conducted in Kerbala Medical Colleges among second year students
... Show MoreThe main focus of this research is to examine the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the methods used to solve this problem where this problem is considered as one of the combinatorial optimization problems which met wide publicity and attention from the researches for to it's simple formulation and important applications and engagement to the rest of combinatorial problems , which is based on finding the optimal path through known number of cities where the salesman visits each city only once before returning to the city of departure n this research , the benefits of( FMOLP) algorithm is employed as one of the best methods to solve the (TSP) problem and the application of the algorithm in conjun
... Show MoreIn cooling water systems, cooling towers play a critical role in removing heat from the water. Cooling water systems are commonly used in industry to dispose the waste heat. An upward spray cooling water systems was especially designed and investigated in this work. The effect of two nanofluids (Al2O3/ water, black carbon /water) on velocity and temperature distributions along reverse spray cooling tower at various concentrations (0.02, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt.%) were investigated, beside the effect of the inlet water temperature (35 ,40, and 45 ͦ C) and water to air flow ratio (L/G) of 0.5, 0.75, and 1. The best thermal performance was found when the working solution contained 0.1 wt.% for each of Al2
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