Abstract

 One of the major components in an automobile engine is the throttle valve part. It is used to keep up with emissions and fuel efficiency low. Design a control system to the throttle valve is newly common requirement trend in automotive technology. The non-smoothness nonlinearity in throttle valve model are due to the friction model and the nonlinear spring, the uncertainty in system parameters and non-satisfying the matching condition are the main obstacles when designing a throttle plate controller.

In this work, the theory of the Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is utilized to design a robust controller for the Electronic Throttle Valve (ETV) system. From the first in

The goal of this paper is to design a robust controller for controlling a pendulum
system. The control of nonlinear systems is a common problem that is facing the researchers in control systems design. The Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is the best solution for controlling a nonlinear system. The classical SMC consists from two phases. The first phase is the reaching phase and the second is the sliding phase. The SMC suffers from the chattering phenomenon which is considered as a severe problem and undesirable property. It is a zigzag motion along the switching surface. In this paper, the chattering is reduced by using a saturation function instead of sign function. In spite of SMC is a good method for controlling a nonlinear system b

Resulted in scientific and technological developments to the emergence of changes in the educational process and methods of teaching modern formats commensurate with the level of mental retardation. Which called for educational institutions, including the University of Baghdad / College of Fine Arts to urge and guide researchers to study and follow-up of recent developments in the educational process in order to develop in the fine arts in general and technical education in particular being play an important role in achieving educational goals. The educational methods of modern educational require effort-intensive and advanced for the development of technical skills among students, and thus worked researcher to employ computer technology

The objective of the current research is to identify the degree of awareness of the teachers of Arabic language with the requirements of sustainable development. The research sample consisted of (100) male and female teachers of the Arabic language. A 3-likert scale of (71) items grouped into practical and cognitive aspects, five trends for each aspect was designed by the researcher to explore the required data. The results showed that the level of awareness of teachers of the Arabic language was moderate of both the cognitive and practical aspects of sustainable education with means (1.69) and (1.48) respectively. The researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

We conducted a theoretical study on the potential use of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) as the high-index material in quarter-wave-stack Bragg mirrors for cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. Compared to conventionally employed T a 2

The aim of this work is to design an algorithm which combines between steganography andcryptography that can hide a text in an image in a way that prevents, as much as possible, anysuspicion of the hidden textThe proposed system depends upon preparing the image data for the next step (DCT Quantization)through steganographic process and using two levels of security: the RSA algorithm and the digitalsignature, then storing the image in a JPEG format. In this case, the secret message will be looked asplaintext with digital signature while the cover is a coloured image. Then, the results of the algorithmare submitted to many criteria in order to be evaluated that prove the sufficiency of the algorithm andits activity. Thus, the proposed algorit