Title: Arabic Manuscript, Concepts and Terms and Their Impact on Determining Its Historical beginnings and extension of its existence.

Researcher: Dr. Atallah Madb Hammadi Zubaie.

Bn the name of Allah Most Merciful

The interest in manuscripts and rules  of their investigation and dissemination appeared soon, and the speech in editing terms and concepts appeared in sooner time.  When looking at the classified books  in the Arab manuscripts , we find the books of the first generation  did not allude definition for this term  , but rather  focused on  the importance of manuscripts and their  existence locations, indexing, care, and verification rules. The  reason for this is that the science of Arabic manuscrip

The transition states that Iraq economy lived it after 2003, and the change in tools used by monetary policy based on C.B.I law 56 in 2004, under the especially situation for the economy (structural imbalances and the weakness of banking & financial sector).

The monetary policy adopted the inflation targeting policy to mantain the monetary stability in the economy and considered it an incubator for future growth. It used the exchange rate as a nominal anchor to achieve the goal (because the rentier of economy, finance Shallowness & separation between real sector and finance sector, all this cause the normal channel to transfer the effect of monetary policy (interest rate) ineffective.

The paper aims to measure and analysis the impact Public Spending on Iraq economy (Kaldor Variables).

 (variables of the magic square Kaldor) and them in after 2003.

The paper adopted econometric Methods to test the stationarity of the Variables under consideration. For the period (2005-2016) by using multiple regression and estimation the Impulse response function (IRF), by adopting Eviews 10 program.

The results of Impulse response function for the following five-years after the period under consideration reflexes that public expenditure (PEX) was fluctuating between positive and negative in all the variables of the research and this shows the fragility of the performance of fiscal policy in Iraq.

T

 The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of non-Iraqi trading of shares in the Iraq Stock Exchange on the overall financial investment in the market size. And it imposes a search and no statistically significant relationship between variable trading non-Iraqis, the size and the total volume of the market and took the search Iraq Stock Exchange sample to search being the only private place to trade securities in Iraq for the period of 2009- 2015 in order to see if there is a positive impact on the size of trading non-Iraqis or not. Search and adopted the annual reports issued by the Iraq Stock Exchange the main conclusion are:

Having a positive effect on the size of the trading of non-Iraqis in the financial vo

The tourism industry, with its two sides (recreational and religious), is one of the important investment fields in Iraq, it is represented Iraq as the second economic source after the oil sector. So a need for serious efforts to develop the tourism sector and maintain its sustainability. This paper will be one of the important contributions in this field; the paper aims to explore the extent of the impact of the sustainable strategy on the level of overall performance in the Iraqi tourism sector. The field of research was some Iraqi tourist institutions at Iraqi tourism, Which covers the field of study on the one side, and can be studied on the other side, for the developing study methodology and organizing its main parts, the research pap

The primary objective of this study is to examine the effects of a do-it-yourself (DIY) technique on the reading comprehension performance of fifth-grade students in preparatory schools. In order to accomplish the objective of this research, it is posited that a null hypothesis can be established, suggesting that there are no statistically significant disparities between the average scores of the experimental group, which is instructed using a do-it-yourself (DIY) strategy, and the control groups, which are instructed using a prescribed method, in terms of their reading comprehension attainment. Developing a pre- and post-achievement test. Both groups have been equalized in terms of characteristics such as parental educational leve

E-learning is a necessity imposed by the Corona pandemic, which has disrupted various educational institutions in the world, but some of these institutions have not been affected and education has continued with them, due to their flexible educational system that was able to employ technology in the continuity of the educational process in the so-called e-learning, because It has characteristics that make it the most suitable alternative to avoid the consequences of the Corona pandemic and its damage to the educational process, as e-learning is one of the modern methods that contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of the learner, and enabling him to assume greater responsibility compared to traditional education, so the learner becomes

Biodiversity is one of the important biological factors in determining water quality and maintaining the
ecological balance. In this study, there are 223 species of phytoplankton were identified, and they are as
follows: 88 species of Bacillariophyta and were at 44%,70 species of Chlorophyta and they were at 29 %, 39
species of Cyanophyta and they were at 16 %, 12 species of Euglenozoa and they were at 4 %, four species of
Miozoa and they were at 3 %, and, Phylum Charophyta and Ochrophyta were only eight and two species,
respectively and both of them were at 2%. The common phytoplankton recorded in the sites studied
include Nitzschia palea, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Oscillatoria princeps, and Peridinium

Basic Orientation  and search path in determining the impact of creative thinking in cultural intelligence field research on the doctors competence, as is a theme of creative thinking great importance in spite of being a old , but his role at the individual level and / or organizational a sustainable effect toward developing a fact uncommon , any sense that one of the pillars of modernity and provide a unique future, as is the competitive weapon of the organizations in an environment dubbed fundamental change and provide all that is unfamiliar, and in the center of the field of research and objective measurement of creative thinking on doctors specialists at the construction of a state of the preference and