Developing an efficient algorithm for automated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) segmentation to characterize tumor abnormalities in an accurate and reproducible manner is ever demanding. This paper presents an overview of the recent development and challenges of the energy minimizing active contour segmentation model called snake for the MRI. This model is successfully used in contour detection for object recognition, computer vision and graphics as well as biomedical image processing including X-ray, MRI and Ultrasound images. Snakes being deformable well-defined curves in the image domain can move under the influence of internal forces and external forces are subsequently derived from the image data. We underscore a critical appraisal of the current status of semi-automated and automated methods for the segmentation of MR images with important issues and terminologies. Advantages and disadvantages of various segmentation methods with salient features and their relevancies are also cited.
The digital revolution had greatly affected the methods through which we communicate, starting from the basic concepts of the internet technology and the web content in addition to the important issues that concern the culture of the digital media, the internet governance and the variation in the digital age in general and the graphic and internal design in particular.
This research addresses an important topic that goes along with the scientific development in the field of the digital design, especially in the internal and graphic designs. This study consists of two sections: the first includes the problem of the study and the need for it. Starting from the problem of the research, there is no clear perception of the formal characte
Numerous trace elements, notably metals, are essential for the normal functioning of several biological reactions, especially as enzyme cofactors. Several Trace elements refer to essential micronutrients required in minimal quantities for certain biological functions pertaining to human metabolism, albeit their minimal concentrations in the organism. Nonetheless, our understanding of this topic is considerably restricted, and emerging insights into their metabolic functions necessitate contributions and have implications across various domains, encompassing nutritional chemistry, with a focus on analytical chemistry, biological sciences, medicine, pharmacology, and agricultural sciences.
Numerous trace elements, notably metals, are essential for the normal functioning of several biological reactions, especially as enzyme cofactors. Several Trace elements refer to essential micronutrients required in minimal quantities for certain biological functions pertaining to human metabolism, albeit their minimal concentrations in the organism. Nonetheless, our understanding of this topic is considerably restricted, and emerging insights into their metabolic functions necessitate contributions and have implications across various domains, encompassing nutritional chemistry, with a focus on analytical chemistry, biological sciences, medicine, pharmacology, and agricultural sciences.
Introduction: All-ceramic crowns are widely used in prosthodontics and cosmetic dentistry due to their good esthetic and proper physical properties. Chipping of ceramic is one of the most common post-insertion complications, that can be fixed either extraoral or intraorally. The latter is time time-effective alternative, less traumatic, and low-cost. A newer objective method of laser is a surface modification of ceramics to increase surface roughness. The aim of this study is to provide a review of Er,Cr;YSGG (2960nm) in intraoral repair and shear bond strength (SBS). Method: A thorough search considering Google Scholar and PubMed published data and ten articles found wh
... Show MoreVarious industrial applications include the dyeing of textiles, paper, leather, and food products, as well as the cosmetics industry. Physic-chemical methods are required to breakdown dyes because they are known to be harmful and persistent in the environment. Many companies' treated effluents contain small amounts of dyes. When it comes to removing dye from wastewater, adsorption has verified to be aneconomical alternative to more traditional treatment procedures. It's important to degrade color impurities in industrial effluents since they constitute a serious health and environmental concern. One way that's been tried is using clay minerals as an adsorbent. Using adsorption for removing
... Show MoreThe process of coordination and joint cooperation between SAIs and internal auditors in the public sector is considered one of the very important matters in performing efficient audits and are of high quality, especially if this coordination and cooperation is implemented in accordance with international standards, as it leads to avoiding duplication in auditing work. And the distribution of work in a distribution that achieves the objectives of auditing in general and is of general benefit to the economic unit.
The research problem lies in the weakness of the relationship between internal auditing and external auditing as a result of not applying INTOSAI Standard (9150) coordination and joint cooperation
... Show MoreIn this study, an analysis of re-using the JPEG lossy algorithm on the quality of satellite imagery is presented. The standard JPEG compression algorithm is adopted and applied using Irfan view program, the rang of JPEG quality that used is 50-100.Depending on the calculated satellite image quality variation, the maximum number of the re-use of the JPEG lossy algorithm adopted in this study is 50 times. The image quality degradation to the JPEG quality factor and the number of re-use of the JPEG algorithm to store the satellite image is analyzed.
Introduction: Sleep, an essential therapeutic part of human physiology, Sleep problems was widespread among students in medical colleges, and excessive stress and the pressure of holding grades can affect their sleep quality. The relationship between sleep, stress and cognition/learning is far more complex than perceived. Material and Method: Cross sectional study was conducted in Al-Kindy College of Medicine, during the period from (2022 to 2023) academic year. The electronic questionnaire was distributed among all students. Analysis of data was carried out using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: A total of (500) medical students' online surveys were analyzed from AL-Kindy College of Medicine, The highest number of participants was fro
... Show MoreABSTRACT Background: Viral hepatitis places a heavy burden on the health care. Large number of patient with bleeding disorders has chronic hepatitis C infection, while few are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. Aims of study: evaluate the prevalence of HBV, HCV infection among patient with Von Willebrand disease and to find factors that associated with the chance of getting the infection.