Twelve species from Brassicaceae family were studied using two different molecular techniques: RAPD and ISSR; both of these techniques were used to detect some molecular markers associated with the genotype identification. RAPD results, from using five random primers, revealed 241 amplified fragments, 62 of them were polymorphic (26%).

    ISSR results showed that out of seven primers, three (ISSR3, UBC807, UBC811) could not amplify the genomic DNA; other primers revealed 183 amplified fragments, 36 of them were polymorphic (20%). The similarity evidence and dendrogram for the genetic distances of the incorporation between the two techniques showed that the highest similarity was 0.897 between the va

      Compounds from tin oxide doped with gallium oxide and cerium oxide were synthesized. Thin films from (SnO2:Ga2O3,CeO2) with different doping ratios were prepared on glass and single crystal silicon as substrates with the use of the pulsed laser deposition technique. The results of FTIR spectrums analysis was presented. Varies heterojunctions were fabricated from (SnO2:Ga2O3,CeO2 /Cu2S/c-pSi) heterojunctions solar cell which are formed from two layers: the first was Cu2S and the second was layer from tin oxide doped with two oxides named gallium oxide and cerium oxide with different doping ratios (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07). The heterojuntion (SnO2:5%Ga2O3 /Cu2S/c-pSi photovoltaic structure exhibits open circuit voltage (Voc

Terahertz (THz) technology, which uses radiation lying between microwave and infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum, could revolutionize digital agriculture through terahertz’s ability to assess agricultural materials accurately and non-destructively. The review discusses notable developments in THz applications to digital agriculture: real-time crop monitoring, nutrient and disease detection, soil moisture and contaminant analysis, and supply chain traceability. The developments have emerged from studies in time-domain spectroscopy, imaging, machine learning (ML), and blockchain integration. Despite the promising advances in THz agricultural applications, limitations remain, such as limited penetration depth, high system costs, and ope

In earthquake engineering problems, uncertainty exists not only in the seismic excitations but also in the structure's parameters. This study investigates the influence of structural geometry, elastic modulus, mass density, and section dimension uncertainty on the stochastic earthquake response of a multi-story moment resisting frame subjected to random ground motion. The North-south component of the Ali Gharbi earthquake in 2012, Iraq, is selected as ground excitation. Using the power spectral density function (PSD), the two-dimensional finite element model of the moment resisting frame's base motion is modified to account for random ground motion. The probabilistic study of the moment resisting frame structure using stochastic fin

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is important technology that’s rapidly growing in the wireless networks. The Quality of Service (QoS) and Capacity are two of the most important issues that still need to be researched on wireless VoIP. The main aim of this paper is to analysis the performance of the VoIP application in wireless networks, with respect to different transport layer protocols and audio codec. Two scenarios used in the simulation stage. In the first scenario VoIP with codec G.711 transmitted over User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). While, in the second scenario VoIP with codec G.726 transmitted over UDP, SCTP, and RTP protocols. Network simulator

This paper presents numerical and experimental stress analyses to evaluate the contact and bending stresses on the teeth of spiral bevel gear drive. Finite Element Method has been adopted as a numerical technique which accomplished basically by using ANSYS software package. The experimental stress analysis has been achieved by using a gear tooth model made of Castolite material which has photoelastic properties. The main goal of this research is detecting the maximum tooth stresses to avoid the severe areas that caused tooth failure and to increase the working life for this type of gear drives.

تحليل الشراكات التجارية للعراق 2003-2013