Recently, the financial mathematics has been emerged to interpret and predict the underlying mechanism that generates an incident of concern. A system of differential equations can reveal a dynamical development of financial mechanism across time. Multivariate wiener process represents the stochastic term in a system of stochastic differential equations (SDE). The standard wiener process follows a Markov chain, and hence it is a martingale (kind of Markov chain), which is a good integrator. Though, the fractional Wiener process does not follow a Markov chain, hence it is not a good integrator. This problem will produce an Arbitrage (non-equilibrium in the market) in the predicted series. It is undesired property that leads to erroneous conclusion, as it is not possible to build a mathematical model, which represents the financial phenomenon. If there is Arbitrage (unbalance) in the market, this can be solved by Wick-Ito-Skorohod stochastic integral (renormalized integral). This paper considers the estimation of a system of fractional stochastic differential equations (FSDE) using maximum likelihood method, although it is time consuming. However, it provides estimates with desirable characteristic with the most important consistency. Langevin method can be used to find the mathematical form of the functions of stochastic differential equations. This includes drift and diffusion by estimating conditional mean and variance from the data and finding the suitable function achieves the least error, and then estimating the parameters of the model by numerical optimal solution search method. Data used in this paper consist of three banking sector stock prices including Baghdad Bank (BBOB), the Commercial Bank (BCOI), and the National Bank (BNOI). © 2020 International University of Sarajevo.
Background: The treatment of an ovarian cyst relies on its nature, the discrimination of benign and malignant cysts is, therefore of crucial importance, and in spite of the continuous improvement of diagnostic means, it remains sometimes impossible to differentiate functional from organic (malignant or not) ovarian cysts. The therapeutic decision will search for the main midway between cancer’s negligence and the fear of performing an unnecessary surgical operation for an ovarian cyst.Objective: To review of 116 cases of ovarian cystic diseases aiming in identify proper management and reducing unnecessary surgical intervention.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Al-Elwiya maternity teaching hospital/ Baghdad/ Iraq. One hund
... Show MoreNowadays, university education stands in front of both students who feel they are weak and teachers who are addicted to using traditional and dependent teaching. This has led to have negative repercussions on the learner from different aspects, including the mental aspect and the academic achievement process. Therefore, the present research is concerned with finding a new teaching method that adopts the motivation by the fear of failure technique. Thus, the study aims to examine the effect of adopting this method on students’ academic achievement. To achieve this aim, an experimental method was used, and an achievement test was built for the curriculum material of level two students. The pretest test was applied on 17 male and female s
... Show MoreThe study investigated the behaviour of asphalt concrete mixes for aggregate gradations, according to the Iraqi specification using the Bailey method designed by an Excel spreadsheet. In mixing aggregates with varying gradations (coarse and fine aggregate), The Bailey method is a systematic methodology that offers aggregate interlocking as the backbone of the framework and a controlled gradation to complete the blends. Six types of gradation are used according to the bailey method considered in this study. Two-course prepared Asphalt Concrete Wearing and Asphalt Concrete binder, the Nominal Maximum Aggregate Sizes (NMAS) of the mixtures are 19 and 12.5 mm, respectively. The total number of specimens was 240 for both layers (15 samp
... Show MoreIn this research, nanofibers have been prepared by using an electrospinning method. Three types of polymer (PVA, VC, PMMA) have been used with different concentration. The applied voltage and the gap length were changed. It was observed that VC is the best polymer than the other types of polymers.
Abstract Objectives: Malocclusion was and remains one of the most common problems which affects the psyche and social status of the individual, so the estimation of the malocclusion severity and needs a percentage of orthodontic treatment of Iraqi patients is the aim of this study. Method: A randomly selected 150 pairs of study models (48 male and 102 female) were involved in this study for patients attending an orthodontic clinic at College of Dentistry/ University of Baghdad seeking for treatment. The DAI scores were collected according to WHO guidelines directly from the study model with a digital caliper, score was calculated using the regression equation of 10 occlusal traits. The dental casts were classified into four groups to determ
... Show MoreThe main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while the sediments&nb
... Show MoreA simple UV spectrophotometric differential derivatization method was performed for the simultaneous quantification of three aromatic amino acids of tryptophan, the polar tyrosine and phenylalanine TRP, TYR and PHE respectively. The avoidance of the time and reagents consuming steps of sample preparation or analyze separation from its bulk of interferences made the approach environmentally benign, sustainable and green. The linear calibration curves of differential second derivative were built at the optimum wavelength for each analyze (218.9, 236.1 and 222.5 nm) for PHE, TRP and TYR respectively. Quantification for each analyze was in the concentration range of (1.0– 45, 0.1–20.0 and 1.0– 50.0 μg/ml) at replicates of (n=3) with a re
... Show MoreAbstract: Colloidal gold nanoparticles (ringworm Palm or in the form of paper willow) have been prepared from HAuCl4 containing aqueous solution by hot chemical reduction method. The colloidal gold nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, EDX, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the variation of reduction time from boiling point affects the size of the nanoparticles and also in chemical reduction approach the size of nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the amount of variation the volume of reductant material with respect to the volume of HAuCL4.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of pomegranate seed oil on diabetic in male rabbits. A total of 32 adult male rabbits.6 months old weighting 1-2kg were divided in to four equal groups. G- Control (negative) Rabbits were received olive oil, G2- (control positive) Rabbits were received (30 mg/kg B.W/daily of the Pomegranate seed oil orally and daily for 45 day. G3-Rabbits were received (150mg/kg of Alloxan injected Intraperitonealy, G4-Rabbits were received the same dose orally of the Pomegranate seed oil four 45 days. There is significant increase (Insulin, Insulin resistance) and decreased glucose in group received Pomegranate seed oil (G4) as compared with G3 (diabetic group). On conclusion, the administra
... Show MoreCompaction curves are widely used in civil engineering especially for road constructions, embankments, etc. Obtaining the precise amount of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) that gives the Maximum Dry Unit weight gdmax. is very important, where the desired soil strength can be achieved in addition to economic aspects.
In this paper, three peak functions were used to obtain the OMC and gdmax. through curve fitting for the values obtained from Standard Proctor Test. Another surface fitting was also used to model the Ohio’s compaction curves that represent the very large variation of compacted soil types.
The results showed very good correlation between the values obtained from some publ
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