تعد الحروب و الصراعات واحدة من اقدم الظواىر التي عرفتها المجتمعات البشرية وان ىذه الظاىرة تجسدت في البداية على مستوى الصراعات الفردية عندما كانت ترتقي الى مستوى الاشتباك وكانت بدائية في وسائلها وادواتها ،وكما ان ظاىرة الحرب بدأت من الاسرة ومن ثم القبيلة والعشيرة وانتهت بالدولة ،اذ ان ظاىرة الحروب بشكلها التقليدي تأخذ شكلا تدميريا بعد ان تتطور ابعادىا القصوى وان حدوثها ىو تضارب مصالح واىداف الاطراف وانها الوسيلة النهائية بعد ان تعجز الو سائل الاخرى في حسم الصراع او النزاع ،وان الحروب او الصراعات تعبر عن التناقض المفاىيمي والقيمي في مكون الايديولوجيات والمصالح والاىداف بين اطراف يصعب التوافق فيما بينهم ،وان الحرب ترتبط بالمجتمع الانساني وتعبر عن قيمتو الفكرية وعقائده الاقتصادية والفلسفية و الاجتماعية عندما تتعارض مع نظيرتها لدى الاطراف الاخرى وىي في الوقت ذاتو تعبر عن الارادة السياسية لصناع القرار من خلال نظرتهم للوسائل التي يتم بها تحقيق اىداف ومصالح دولهم.شهدت نهاية الحرب الباردة تحول في طبيعة مصادر التهديد والتي لم تقتصر على التهديدالعسكري او العدوان من طرف اخر و منها بروز العولمة الإلكترونية او الاقتصادية و البيئية كالفقر والمجاعة والامراض بالإضافة الى الحروب الاىلية والارىاب والجريمة المنظمة وتجارة المخدرات وانتشار الاسلحة ،وكما تحولت طبيعة الحروب ولم تعد حروب او صراعات بين الدول وقد اصبحت معظمها صراعات داخلية اطرافها افراد او جماعات تعمل على اضعاف الدول من الداخل في جميع النواحي ولهذا يصعب التحكم فيها ومما يجعل المنظور التقليدي للأمن عاجزا عن مواجهتها وىو مما ادى الى اعادة النظر في مفهوم الامن الانساني.
Abstract
The goal of current research to describe and diagnose the level of attention of doctors to design and regulatory dimensions, (strategic vision, organizational structure, organizational processes, business systems, personnel), and the performance of hospitals and dimensions, in six hospitals in medicine and selected a sample for research, as well as identify organizational design effect in the performance of hospitals and dimensions (efficiency, the development of human resources, patient satisfaction, achieve financial results, quality of health care).
Research has focused in part theoretical on key variables to look organizational des
... Show MoreImpairment of financial assets defined according to IFRS 9 as the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive, the entity should estimates all the cash flows through looking to the contract terms during the life time period of the assets or for shorter period if possible, the cash flow should include the amounts of selling any collateral taken or any other enhancement. On the other hand, the Central bank of Iraq guidelines regards impairment differ from the IFRS 9 that’s does not consider the collateral value on calculating the impairment that’s effects on the net profit through recognizing exaggerated loss an
... Show MoreOrganizations adopt a number of procedures and instructions in their field of activities in order to aid their resources development and energies to serve their entrepreneurial orientations. This calls for preparing a range of mechanisms to mitigate the strictness and complexity of procedures. The ambiguity and severe complexity of procedures means acknowledging the loss in energy and this in turn impedes the hopes while in the same time weakens the enthusiasm in these organizations and an impedes the possibility to achieve continues innovation, thereby losing opportunities to the level of surrender to the risks and assuming them to be unconquered obstacles.
There
... Show MoreAbstract
The study aims to build a training program based on the Connectivism Theory to develop e-learning competencies for Islamic education teachers in the Governorate of Dhofar, as well as to identify its effectiveness. The study sample consisted of (30) Islamic education teachers to implement the training program, they were randomly selected. The study used the descriptive approach to determine the electronic competencies and build the training program, and the quasi-experimental approach to determine the effectiveness of the program. The study tools were the cognitive achievement test and the observation card, which were applied before and after. The study found that the effectiveness of the training program
... Show MoreIn Indonesia, cattle feces (CF) and water hyacinth (WH) plants are abundant but have not been widely revealed. The use of microorganisms as decomposers in the fermentation process has not been widely applied, so researchers are interested in studying further. This study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of CF with WH on composting by applying white-rot fungal (WRF) (Ganoderma sp) microorganism as a decomposer. A number of six types of treatment compared to R1(ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%)+WRF; R2(ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%)+WRF; R3(ratio of CF:WH)(75%:25%)+WRF; R4(ratio of CF:WH)(25%:75%) without WRF; R5(ratio of CF:WH)(50%:50%) without WRF; R6(ratio of CF:WH)
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to demonstrate the nature of the interactive relationship between the dimensions of the requirements of economic intelligence Represented by(Administrative and regulatory requirements, human requirements, and technical requirements) The strategic success of banks is represented by (Customer satisfaction, customer confidence, quality of service, growth) In three of the Iraqi banks own bank(Middle East Iraqi Investment, Al Ahli Iraqi, Gulf Commercial), The questionnaire was adopted as a tool for collecting data and information Of the sample (85) Who are they(Director of the Commissioner, M. Director Plenipotentiary, Director of Department, Director of Section, M. Section Manager, Division Officer, Unit Officer),
... Show MoreThe present work involves studying the effect of electrolyte composition [@1= 0.5 wt.% NH4F / 5% H2O / 5% Glycerol (GLY)/ 90% Ethylene Glycol (EG)] and [ @2= 0.5 wt. % NH4F / 5% H2O / 95% Ethylene Glycol (EG)] on the structural and photoelectrochemical properties of titania nanotubes arrays (TNTAs). TNTAs substrates were successfully carried out via anodization technique and were carried out in 40 V for one hour in different electrolytes (@1, and @2). The properties of physicochemical of TNTAs were distinguished via an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance. T
... Show MoreThis study used a continuous photo-Fenton-like method to remediate textile effluent containing azo dyes especially direct blue 15 dye (DB15). A Eucalyptus leaf extract was used to create iron/copper nanoparticles supported on bentonite for use as catalysts (E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs). Two fixed-bed configurations were studied and compared. The first one involved mixing granular bentonite with E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs (GB- E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs), and the other examined the mixing of E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs with glass beads (glass beads-E@B-Fe/Cu-NPs) and filled to the fixed-bed column. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and atomic forces spectroscopy (AFM) techniques were used to characterize the obtained particles (NPs). The effect of flow rate and DB15 concent
... Show MoreObjectives: To determine the effectiveness of post-abortion family planning counseling program on nurses and midwives' practices and to predict the variables which may effect on their practices Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted from 23th April 2017 to 14th March 2018 in three governorates in Middle Euphrates of Iraq: (Holy Karbala, Al - Najef Al Ashraf and Babylon) on nurses and midwives who work at maternity hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select 122 nurses and midwives, (60) of them for study group and (62) for control group. A checklist is an instrument that evaluate the practices which included 50 items. Validity of content was determined through reviewing it by (16) experts and reliability of to
... Show MoreThe objective of this study is to apply Artificial Neural Network for heat transfer analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers widely used in power plants and refineries. Practical data was obtained by using industrial heat exchanger operating in power generation department of Dura refinery. The commonly used Back Propagation (BP) algorithm was used to train and test networks by divided the data to three samples (training, validation and testing data) to give more approach data with actual case. Inputs of the neural network include inlet water temperature, inlet air temperature and mass flow rate of air. Two outputs (exit water temperature to cooling tower and exit air temperature to second stage of air compressor) were taken in ANN.
... Show More