In this work, the extraction of glycyrrhizin from Licorice using bulk liquid membrane technique was developed and optimized. The effect of various parameters such as pH of stripping and donor solutions, temperature, stirring speed and kinetic parameters were investigated. Moreover, to study the impact of the polarity of membrane solvent, two types of extraction solvents were used as a membrane solvent: n-Hexane was used as a non-polar solvent and 1-Hexanol was as a polar solvent. The optimum extraction condition was found (95.53%) using 1-Hexanol, rotating speed was 400 rpm, and pH of the acceptor and donor solutions were 8 and 5.5, respectively. The reaction kinetics constants ( and ) for the transport of glycyrrhizin from the donor pha

   Box-Wilson experimental design method was employed to optimized lead ions removal efficiency by bulk liquid membrane (BLM) method. The optimization procedure was primarily based on four impartial relevant parameters: pH of feed phase (4-6), pH of stripping phase (9-11), carrier concentration TBP (5-10) %, and initial metal concentration (60-120 ppm). maximum recovery efficiency of lead ions is 83.852% was virtually done following thirty one-of-a-kind experimental runs, as exact through 24-Central Composite Design (CCD). The best values for the aforementioned four parameters, corresponding to the most restoration efficiency were: 5, 10, 7.5% (v/v), and 90 mg/l, respectively. The obtained experimental data had been utilized to st

   Box-Wilson experimental design method was employed to optimized lead ions removal efficiency by bulk liquid membrane (BLM) method. The optimization procedure was primarily based on four impartial relevant parameters: pH of feed phase (4-6), pH of stripping phase (9-11), carrier concentration TBP (5-10) %, and initial metal concentration (60-120 ppm). maximum recovery efficiency of lead ions is 83.852% was virtually done following thirty one-of-a-kind experimental runs, as exact through 2⁴-Central Composite Design (CCD). The best values for the aforementioned four parameters, corresponding to the most restoration efficiency were: 5, 10, 7.5% (v/v), and 90 mg/l, respectively. The obtained experimental data had been

The electrospun nanofibers membranes (ENMs) have gained great attention due to their superior performance. However, the low mechanical strength of ENMs, such as the rigidity and low strength, limits their applications in many aspects which need adequate strength, such as water filtration. This work investigates the impact of electrospinning parameters on the properties of ENMs fabricated from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solved in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF). The studied electrospinning parameters were polymer concentration, solution flow rate, collector rotating speed, and the distance between the needle and collector. The fabricated ENMs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface morphology and es

Data hiding is the process of encoding extra information in an image by making small modification to its pixels. To be practical, the hidden data must be perceptually invisible yet robust to common signal processing operations. This paper introduces a scheme for hiding a signature image that could be as much as 25% of the host image data and hence could be used both in digital watermarking as well as image/data hiding. The proposed algorithm uses orthogonal discrete wavelet transforms with two zero moments and with improved time localization called discrete slantlet transform for both host and signature image. A scaling factor ? in frequency domain control the quality of the watermarked images. Experimental results of signature image

In this study, polymeric coating was developed by incorporating nano graphene in the polymer blend with applications to oil storage tanks. The oil storage tanks samples were brought from the oil Pipeline Company / Doura refinery in Baghdad. The coating polymer was formed with a blend (epoxy resin and repcoat ZR). The proportion of mixing the mixture was 3:1:1 epoxy resin 21.06 gm: repcoat ZR 10.53 gm: hardener 10.53 gm. The blend/graphene was prepared using in stui-polymerization method with different weight percentage 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt % added to blend. The resulting solution was put in a glass tube on a magnetic stirrer for one hour at a temperature of 40 °C. The result of contact angle and water absorption the best ratio of 3wt

Among the metaheuristic algorithms, population-based algorithms are an explorative search algorithm superior to the local search algorithm in terms of exploring the search space to find globally optimal solutions. However, the primary downside of such algorithms is their low exploitative capability, which prevents the expansion of the search space neighborhood for more optimal solutions. The firefly algorithm (FA) is a population-based algorithm that has been widely used in clustering problems. However, FA is limited in terms of its premature convergence when no neighborhood search strategies are employed to improve the quality of clustering solutions in the neighborhood region and exploring the global regions in the search space. On the

Decision-making in Operations Research is the main point in various studies in our real-life applications. However, these different studies focus on this topic. One drawback some of their studies are restricted and have not addressed the nature of values in terms of imprecise data (ID). This paper thus deals with two contributions. First, decreasing the total costs by classifying subsets of costs. Second, improving the optimality solution by the Hungarian assignment approach. This newly proposed method is called fuzzy sub-Triangular form (FS-TF) under ID. The results obtained are exquisite as compared with previous methods including, robust ranking technique, arithmetic operations, magnitude ranking method and centroid ranking method. This

Exposure assays to magnetized water have so far revealed striking results. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of magnetized water treatment with in different intensities 500 , 1000 and 1500 Gauss on some biological aspects for species of freshwater Gastropod Lymnaea lagotis (Schrank, 1803) which important species in faun of aquatic habitats of Iraq. This species are considered a component of the food chain. The obtained results compared with these species which lived in the river(control). Result of these experiments showed increased significance the shell size (shell high, shell aperture length, shell aperture width and shell width) for L. lagotis with increased intensity magnetized water such as treated water with 1