Background. Body mass index (BMI) is a person's weight in kilograms (or pounds) divided by the square of height in meters (or feet). Obesity affects a wide spectrum of age groups, from the young to the elderly, and there are several eye diseases related to obesity like diabetic retinopathy, floppy eyelid syndrome, retinal vein occlusion, stroke-related vision loss, age-related macular degeneration, and possibly, refractive errors. Refractive errors (RE) are optical imperfections related to the focusing ability of the eye and are the main cause of visual impairment which may result in missed education and employment opportunities, lower productivity and impaired quality of life. Aim. The study aimed to find an association between body mass index (BMI) and refractive errors. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was designed to involve a representative sample of medical students in Al-Kindy College of medicine, from December 8, 2021 to January 10, 2022. Weight and height were measured. BMI was estimated, and their refractive error was assessed. Results. A total of 400 students participated in the study, of which 191 (47.8%) had refractive errors, whereas 209 (52.2%) were emmetropic. Thirty-seven point eight percent of the participants had BMI > 25. A significant relationship between refractive errors and all BMI groups was found (p < 0.025). Compared to normal weight group, overweight and obese groups, only the underweight group showed a significant relationship with refractive errors, p < 0.006. Conclusion. Myopia is associated with being underweight, hence the link between the two is statistically significant. The severity of this condition, however, is unaffected by body mass index. Myopia was not a concern among students with normal or high body mass index (BMI).
It is not available for us to go back in time and see plays old and it plays giants tragedy ancient Greek (Aeschylus, Sofokls, and yourbedes) through the eyes of a generation ago, and if we were able to go back to Ntegathm play it is certain that we will not taste or Nstassig for much of what we see from these offers will not afford the traditional religious rituals, which was accompanied also dance and music in the style of ancient Greek play was representing a large part of the theater see manifestations Can our eyes and ears we twentieth century audience to accept those appearances, and it was then?
Inevitably it will look like a museum bycollection not only. So we find ourselves in the light of the foregoing forced When you do rem
Affinity is a term used to describe the amount of the adhesion bond between asphalt binder and aggregate. Adhesion force may be used as indicator to the amount of energy or work required to breakdown the adhesive bond between asphalt binder and aggregate. In order to study affinity between asphalt binder and aggregate, a modified device is manufacture locally similar to Rolling Bottle Test (RBT) to Predicted the degree of affinity between asphalt binder and aggregate; taking into consideration mineral composition with physical properties of asphalt binder to measure required force to separate asphalt binder from aggregate surface. In this study, suggest new parameters to represent the stripping or affinity phenomena (aff
... Show MoreThe work in this paper focuses on the system quality of direct and coherent communication system for two computers. A system quality is represented by Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER). First part of the work includes implementation of direct optical fiber communication system and measure the system quality .The second part of the work include implementation both the( homodyne and heterodyne)coherent optical fiber communication system and measure the system quality . Laser diode 1310 nm wavelength with its drive circuit used in the transmitter circuit . A single mode of 62.11 km optical fiber is selected as transmission medium . A PIN photo detector is used in the receiver circuit. The optical D-coupler was u
... Show MoreBackground: The association between oral microbial infection and systemic disease is not a new concept. A major confounding issue is that oral infections often are only one of the many important factors that can influence systemic diseases .Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the periodontal health status of patients with acquired coronary heart disease. Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.Methods: The study group consisted of 200 patients with an age range (35-70) years, having coronary heart disease .This study group were compared to a control group of non-coronary heart disease (200 individuals ) matching with age and gender. The oral parameters were examined including the periodontal conditions, assessment of periodo
... Show MoreBoth of the species Typha domengensis and Phragmites communis among the most important plant endemic in flora of Iraq from monocotyledon. Due to the similarity of the two species with each other in many morphological characteristics such as the environment where they live and the form of leaves and type of leaf venation and type of stomata….ets, also both of species belong to monocots plant therefore this research work was conducted find anatomical differences that have the same as taxonomic value to help distinguishing between both species under study. Through this research, we found great importance to the anatomical characteristics which we reached by studying the roots, stems and leaves sections f
... Show MoreDespite the artistic importance that Assumption intertextuality in technical studies, it is indispensable for the artist and writer whatever, Intertextuality s is not a coincidence, is not correct to be so, so that human culture is governed by Trait obstetrics and conclusion shows and the longer the life of culture, whatever it be more fortunate the correlation between the present and the past. From this point the problem of current research was founded in the detection of overlapping contexts in contemporary art between intertextuality and quotation, and concluded by identifying the most important terms in the search, while the second chapter highlighted the intertextuality in contemporary artistic discourse and the types of intertextua
... Show Morehe public federal budget of the state includes estimated figures for state revenues and expenditures for the next fiscal year. The estimation process is one of the main parts of the preparation of the general budget of the state and the accuracy in the estimation of revenues and expenditures of the most important principles that should be based on the process of making estimates and should not overestimate the assessment process to ensure the availability of funds in the future in all cases, which lead to unfair distribution of allocations, so the research aims to study The case of preparing the budget in the Directorate and how to estimate the expenditure in, by the analysis of operating budgets and identify deviations in the implementa
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We report a method of converting non-conductive plastic surfaces into conductive by plating either copper electroless or copper electroplating -carbon black containing bending Agent onto Perspex plastics . Various approaches have been studied in order to comparing properties of the plated copper for two methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM),thickness, roughness, porosity, tensile Strength and elongation. The results show that the surface of electroplating was uniform, compact, and continuous and it had an obvious metallic sheen, while the surface of plated copper for electroless for it had many pores. Also observed that the coating was composed of small cells. Thes
... Show MoreThis Research based on an empirical study and tested the hypothesis of transition effects on a sample of young people in Sharjah University and trying to identify a new form of Media which is based on the production of new types of habits and patterns and their cultural impact. Recently, New Media appeared to refer to new types of Communication using the Internet. It’s enormous in the exchange of Information. The new Media contains multiple forms, including the form in which users produce by them to refer the entry of a new area of Media in which exchange of roles between the Sender and the recipient.
This study is trying to identify a new form of Media Web used (Press online or only Press online, Digi
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