أصبحت أوروبا في صيف عام 1911، على حافة الحرب؛ بسبب أزمة أغادير التي ترجع أصولها إلى تصادم المصالح الاستعمارية الفرنسية- الألمانية، وعندها تدخلت بريطانيا لمساعدة فرنسا، وتحول هذا التنافس إلى نزاع بريطاني- ألماني، وعلى الرغم من فتور العلاقات البريطانية- الفرنسية في تلك المدة، إلا ان الحكومة البريطانية هدفت إلى المحافظة على الوفاق الودي البريطاني- الفرنسي الذي ابرم عام 1904، لذلك رفض المسؤولون البريطانيون المطاليب الألمانية في المغرب، وعدوها بمثابة هجوم. وقد ادرك السير إدوارد كري بانه في حالة تخلي حكومته عن فرنسا؛ فان الأخيرة ستذعن لألمانيا وبذلك ينهار الوفاق الودي؛ وكان اغلب رجالات الدولة البريطانيين يرون بضرورة التصعيد والدخول في مواجهة عسكرية مع ألمانيا، وقد كان على السير إدوارد كري التصدي لهذه الأزمة دبلوماسيا لكونه من يحمل حقيبة الخارجية البريطانية. والحق، طغى الشعور الرسمي والشعبي البريطاني المؤيد للحرب ضد ألمانيا في الصحف والمنشورات البريطانية، وبدأت الحكومة الاستعدادات العسكرية هي الأخرى، بالتحضير سراً إلى حرب كبرى ضد ألمانيا؛ لأنها اقتنعت بأن مثل هذه الحرب أمر لا يمكن تفاديه. لكل لم تكن مهمة السير كري في إطفاء فتيل الأزمة صعبة فحسب، بل شيه مستحيلة. ويمكن رؤية تلك الصعوبات في الصراع الدائر في الدوائر الرسمية البريطانية بين أولئك الذين يرغبون في تحسن جوهري في العلاقات مع ألمانيا وبين أولئك الذين يخشون بأن أي تقارب من ألمانيا سيؤدي إلى نفور فرنسا وروسيا وسيقود عملياً إلى العزلة البريطانية في القارة الأوروبية. لكل ذلك أدى السير إدوارد كري وزير الخارجية البريطانية دورا حاسما في تسوية هذه الأزمة.
This study analyzes the stylistic features of euphemisms in feminist discourse, based on material from the contemporary Russian press of the period (2015–2025). The central issue lies in how the linguistic devices used to soften the harshness and confrontation in discourse contribute to shaping a distinct feminine communicative style within media discourse, where the context necessitates combining the expression of the author\\'s position with maintaining a harmonious interaction with the wider audience. This study aims to uncover and classify the stylistic mechanisms of euphemism at the lexical-grammatical, syntactic, and pragmatic levels, as well as to determine its role in constructing gendered linguistic behavior. The research finding
... Show MoreIn our research, we dealt with one of the most important issues of linguistic studies of the Holy Qur’an, which is the words that are close in meaning, which some believe are synonyms, but in the Arabic language they are not considered synonyms because there are subtle differences between them. Synonyms in the Arabic language are very few, rather rare, and in the Holy Qur’an they are completely non-existent. And how were these words, close in meaning, translated in the translation of the Holy Qur’an by Almir Kuliev into the Russian language.
this paper consists of three sections, Section one deals with the most important difficulties and characteristics of English subordinate clauses whereas section two tackles the difficulties faced by the Iraqi EFL students at the third year in the Department of English, College of languages, University of Baghdad in recognizing and producing the subordinate clauses submitting them to a test consisting of two questions (recognition and production). Finally, some pedagogical recommendation of the findings can be found in section four.
The study has tackled three important variables on the strategic and organizational level, that are : (Administrative skill, strategic Entrepreneurship and organizational flexibility). Through the statistical analysis is, the research hers have sought to identify the relation among them. The study has been applied on a sample of (44) private banks in Iraq. A questionnaire, which has been designed according to a number of international standards, has been used. It's made of (29) items that cover the three variables to test their hypotheses. A number of statistical tools have been used A number of conclusion have been reached and recommendations have also been suggested.
Comparison is the most common and effective technique for human thinking: the human mind always judges something new based on its comparison with similar things that are already known. Therefore, literary comparisons are always clear and convincing. In our daily lives, we are constantly forced to compare different things in terms of quantity, quality, or other aspects. It is known that comparisons are used in literature in order for speech to be clear and effective, but when these comparisons are used in everyday speech, it is in order to convey the meaning directly and quickly, because many of these expressions used daily are comparisons. In our research, we discussed this comparison as a means of metaphor and expression in Russia
... Show MoreThis study examines postgraduate students’ awareness of pragmatic aspects, including Grice Maxims, Politeness, and Direct and Indirect forms of speech. According to Paul Grice’s theory of implicature, which is considered one of the most important contributions to pragmatics, this paper discusses how postgraduate students can meet the cooperative principle when communicating effectively. It also outlines how does politeness principles influence obeying or violating the maxims and how is the use of direct or indirect forms of utterances prompted by politeness. Sixteen master’s students of Linguistics and Literature were asked to take a multiple-choice test. The test will be represented along with the interpretation of each optio
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