With the increasing use of antibiotics around the world, the study and appreciation of antibiotics has become essential. An antibiotic formulation may include one or added active ingredients depending on the type and method of manufacturing the antibiotic. Antibiotics can only combat diseases of bacterial origin. As for viral diseases such as the common cold and influenza, antibiotics will not be able to combat them. The objective of this review is to digest the literature related to estimation of antibiotics and to show the methods that have been used in the estimation of the antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, carbenicillin, and cefotaxime) in medicinal preparations and a biological fluid for example blood and urine of humans as well as animals. It is important to check the quality of drugs to confirm the composition of drugs used in pharmaceutical preparations. Many analytical procedures have been used to estimation of antibiotics, counting gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, as well as flow injection, to assaying of antibiotics in several insets like tablets, capsules, and others. Here we conduct a quick narrative review that discusses and compares the different analytical methods for the estimation of antibiotic drugs.
In the analysis of multiple linear regression, the problem of multicollinearity and auto-correlation drew the attention of many researchers, and given the appearance of these two problems together and their bad effect on the estimation, some of the researchers found new methods to address these two problems together at the same time. In this research a comparison for the performance of the Principal Components Two Parameter estimator (PCTP) and The (r-k) class estimator and the r-(k,d) class estimator by conducting a simulation study and through the results and under the mean square error (MSE) criterion to find the best way to address the two problems together. The results showed that the r-(k,d) class estimator is the best esti
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The research aims to find out the difficulties of studying the subject of modern and contemporary history and its proposed solutions from the point of view of the students of the literary sixth in the secondary schools of the Directorate of Education Rusafa I-Baghdad, the research community of students of the literary sixth stage, which Number(150) students,and to achieve the- And Fisher's equation-and percent weight).The results showed the existence of a number of real difficulties achieved for the study of modern and contemporary history of the sixth literature, and the data showed the existence of Unreal difficulties diagnosed from the students ' point of view .In light of this, the researcher dev
... Show MoreThe educational sector is one of the important sectors in the world, and it is considered one of the means of community development. In addition, it is one of the means of making the country’s renaissance and devel-opment because it represents the factory of thinking minds that make change. There is no doubt that this sector is the same as any other sector. The deficit in the studied scientific planning has been prolonged, which led to its deterioration, and the problems of education remain diverse and inherited from previous time periods, where the hierarchical cluster analysis was used on postgraduate students in universities in Iraq, except for Kurdistan region, and the number of universities that were included in the study was
... Show MoreBackground: Osteoporosis is an extra-articular complication of rheumatoid arthritis that results in increased risk of fractures and associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Objective: To evaluate changes in bone mineral density in a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on biological (anti tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha) and non-biological agent disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study enrolled 60 RA patients diagnosed by rheumatologist according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (2010 ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for RA. Thirty patient on biological agent (anti TNF alpha) and 30 patient on non-biological agent (D
... Show MoreTo determine the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disorder, 20 patients with MS aged (25-60) years have been investigated from the period of 2016/12/1 to 2017/3/1 and compared to 15 apparently healthy individuals. All study groups were carried out to measure anti H.pylori IgA and H.pylori IgG antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. There was a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the concentration of anti H.pylori IgG and IgA antibodies (Abs) compared to control group, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the concentration of IgA and IgG (Abs) of H.pylori according to gender, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the concentration of IgA and I
... Show MoreThis paper aims at exploring the impact of the Iraq-Iran war in the poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh. Al-Sayegh participation in this war makes him a first hand witness to the atrocities of the trenches and fight in the first lines. This war did not only change his life and world view for good, it changes the nature of his poetry as well. As aresult, war becomes a central issue not only in the poetry Al-Sayegh wrote in the 1980s and 1990s Iraq, but also in the exile.
Key Words: War, Al-Sayegh, Poetry.
the use of diffrent concectration of Na and Mg ions were shown to causes in increase in the bindings at oncentration