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The Concept of Contract Duration
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Time is an essential element of contracts، as there is an independent in many parts of each contract، but the time dimension has a significant impact on the provisions of all contracts and is not limited to a particular range of contracts، and French and Arab jurists alike have called for this dimension to be given special attention، and as a result the French legislator has introduced the term duration of the contract، to try to limit the temporal elements، to clarify their provisions and to distinguish between them in decree131/2 016، but for our Arab country it did not receive the appropriate answer. The problem of duration in contracts relates to the lack of clarity of the idea، and then to confuse the various time terms in the contracts، and to focus on the stage of implementation of the contract without its composition or expiry، so we decided to study the duration of the contract in accordance with the French legislation، and analyze its legal articles to reach the correct legal provisions، all in comparison with the various articles in our Iraqi and Egyptian legislation، thus we hope that our study will be the nucleus of other legal studies in this area.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Physical Work Environment in The Flexibility of Industrial Operations
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he research specifies important subjects which contribute in improvement of productive performance in industrial companies through study and analysis of relationships and effect between dimensions of physical work environment and industrial operations flexibility in the leathers industries company. To reach these goals the information are collected is questionnaire prepared for this purpose as a tool to analyze the practical results and are recorded for a sample of 118 persons from employees. The research uses the statistical methods and analyzes the information by using SPSS system. The research reached to many conclusions; the important one is the weakness of the company to make in to account the physical envir

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The effect of thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S thin films
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In this work, the optical properties of Cu2S with different thickness
(1400, 2400, 4400) Ǻ have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolys
is method onto clean glass substrate heated at 283 oC ±2. The effect
of thickness on the optical properties of Cu2S has been studied. It
was found that the optical properties of the electronic transitions on
fundamental absorption edge were direct allowed and the value of the
optical energy gap of Cu2S (Eg) for direct transition decreased from
(2.4-2.1) eV with increasing of the thickness from (1400 - 4400)Ǻ
respectively. Also it was found that the absorption coefficient is
increased with increasing of thicknesses. The optical constants such<

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 11 2024
Journal Name
Tikrit Journal Of Engineering Sciences
The Effects of Fibers on the Properties of Local Hot Asphalt Mixtures
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Conventional flexible pavements are released to different types of failure in the initial phases of their service life due to high traffic density, high speeds, heavy loads, and harsh climates. To eliminate pavement damage and failure early, the present search investigates the impact of adding glass, steel, and basalt fibers in the asphalt mixtures. Also, the study evaluates these materials characteristics compared to the mixtures without fibers. The Marshall test and tensile strength ratio test (TSR) were utilized to evaluate the asphalt mixture's performance. A set of specimens were produced by incorporating glass fiber (GF), steel fiber (SF), and basalt fiber (BF) at (0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%), (0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45%), and (0.15%, 0.35%

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 08 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education
The Geopolitical Significance of The Port of Gwadar: Challenges and Future Visions
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The port of Gwadar is a major turning point in the Pakistani economy, as it is characterized by a very important strategic location and has characteristics that enable it to play an active role in the region, being a land bridge linking Central Asia, especially the countries of Central and South Asia, by the sea, and also linking the Chinese economy (west of China to the port). And due to its distinguished strategic location, which made it a center of attraction for large commercial ships, despite all the positive advantages, there are obstacles that stand in the way of completing it in the required manner represented by challenges (internal, regional and international) that fear the completion of the port, which will generate profit

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 09 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the Ecosystem Services of the Central Marsh in Southern Iraq
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Ecosystems provide humans with services that include benefits from food, fresh water, climate regulation, and socio-economic assets. The Mesopotamian marshlands are among the largest wetlands in the Middle East and they provide various benefits. However, ecosystem services of the Marshlands are consistently undervalued in national economic analysis and decision making. This study focusses on the Central Marshes, the first National Park in Iraq, and is the first attempt at valuing a series of ecosystem services from a valuable natural ecosystem in Iraq. We adopted the Toolkit for Ecosystem Services Site-Based Assessment (TESSA) for the determination of biophysical and economic values of services at the site level. Data on key ecosystem se

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Necessity of College of Education for Woman from the Point of view of Students
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The Necessity of College of Education for Woman from the Point of view of Students

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 09 2024
Journal Name
Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences
A Comparative Analytical Study of Some Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship to The Accuracy of The Performance of The Shooting Skill of Jumping High in The Weak and Strong Foot the Players for Youth Handball
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The research aims to identify the most important variables affecting shooting from jumping high and compare them for the two foot the weak and strong, where the researchers adopted the descriptive method, and the sample was chosen by the intentional method, which consists of (4) players from the Iraqi Sports Army Club, where these variables were studied and their impact on The accuracy of aiming at the two men, and the researchers concluded that most of the players have more accuracy in aiming at the strong leg than at the weak leg, which leads to the loss of many real opportunities during the match because of the players changing the situation or wasting the available opportunity when the position of correction is an opportunity for the w

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2026
Journal Name
Statistics, Optimization &amp; Information Computing
Hybrid Modeling of Currency Circulation Volatility: Evidence from the Central Bank of Iraq
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The currency in circulation is a key element of the monetary supply system of the Iraqi economy because itreflects the level of economic activity and the liquidity level in the market. It can be expressed as an important tool when formulating monetary policy. This research aims to analyze and forecast the behavior of the currency in circulation in Iraq using the ARMA-GARCH model for monthly data from 2004 to 2025 to understand the dynamics of monetary liquidity, The sample was divided into two parts: approximately 80% for the training set (2004-2021), and approximately 20% for the testing set (2022-2025). Data were analyzed in Python using many packages. The results showed that the time series was initially non-stationary but became

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Technical Mediator in Arab Theater: Their Tools and Skills
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The artistic mediation in theater connects the human elements with the material elements in the theatrical production process. The human artistic mediator plays a crucial role in achieving the artistic and expressive goals of the theatrical work, requiring high skills and expertise. Their role involves coordinating and executing the technical aspects of production, such as lighting, sound, set design, costumes, and acting, using their skills and techniques to transform the theatrical text into a successful stage performance. The artistic mediator significantly impacts the quality of the theatrical work and creates a distinct viewing experience for the audience. Technological advancements and continuous updates in theater contribute to th

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 11 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The preparation and characterization of some metal complexes with tridentate ONO ligand derived from phenyl hydrazine
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The phenyl hydrazine was react readily with acetic acid chloride in [1:2] ratio in alkyl of ethanolic solution, and refluxe for five hours to produce a new ligand of (N-Carboxymethyl-N-phenyl-hydrazino)-acetic acid [H2L].

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