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The stage of breast cancer at the time of diagnosis: correlation with the clinicopathological findings among Iraqi patients
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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of mortality among women in Iraq forming 23% of cancer related deaths. The low survival from the disease is a direct consequence to the advanced stages at diagnoses. Aim: To document the composite stage of breast cancer among Iraqi patients at the time of diagnosis; correlating the observed findings with other clinical and pathological parameters at presentation. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study enrolling the clinical and pathological characteristics of 603 Iraqi female patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The composite stage of breast cancer was determined according to UICC TNM Classification System of Breast Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging. The studied parameters comprised age of the patient, stage of the disease, marital and educational status, history of lactation and hormonal intake (for a minimum period of 6 months), family history of breast or any other cancer, the effected breast side, hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone) receptor (ER, PR) and Her2 contents of the primary cancer. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the recorded composite stages at diagnosis with the corresponding clinical and pathological data utilizing SPSS version 16.0 statistical program. Results: Out of 603 patients, seven (1.2%) had ductal carcinoma in situ (Stage 0). Stages I, II and III and IV were documented in 9.5%, 47.1%, 33.2% and 9.1% of the patients at the time of diagnoses. Overall 70.8% of patients presented in the age group (40-59 years), 79.3% were married and 32.2% were highly educated. History of lactation, hormonal intake, family breast cancer and contralateral breast involvement was observed in 73.4%, 26.5%, 20.2% and 6.5% respectively. No correlation was elicited between the stage of breast cancer and the age of the patients, history of lactation or contralateral breast involvement. On the other hand, significant associations were demonstrated with respect to the marital and educational status, history of hormonal intake and breast cancer in the family. Immuno-histochemical evaluation revealed ER+PR+Her2+ (Triple Positive/Luminal B), ER-PR-Her2- (Triple Negative), ER+PR+Her2- (Luminal A) and ER-PR-Her2+ (Her2) subtypes in 13.4%, 11.8%, 48.2% and 9.8% of the examined breast samples respectively. When correlating the composite stage at diagnosing breast cancer with the corresponding subtypes the relationship was highly significant at p<0.01. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study reports a regression in Stage IV breast cancer at the time of initial presentation among Iraqi patients specifically in those with family history of the disease; pointing out to the fruitful outputs of initiating the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in the country. Further professional efforts, endorsed by practical policy decisions, are recommended to down stage breast cancer through promoting evidence based protocol guidelines and adopting comprehensive well designed diagnostic, screening and cancer control strategies.

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 03 2020
Journal Name
Iium Medical Journal Malaysia
Role of the Immunohistochemical Marker (Ki67) in Diagnosis and Classification of Hydatidiform Mole
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Introduction: Since the hallmark of gestational trophoblastic disease is trophoblastic proliferation, Ki67 is regarded as the best marker in studying hydatidiform mole.This study was conducted to evaluate the role of this proliferative marker in distinguishing among hydropic abortion, partial and complete hydatidiform mole. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study involving the application of Ki67 on a total of 90 histological samples of curetting materials from molar (partial and complete mole) and non molar hydropic abortion belong to Iraqi females, so three study groups were created. Immunohistochemical expression in villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts and stromal cells were recorded separately by three i

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 19 2026
Journal Name
American Journal Of Alzheimer's Disease &amp; Other Dementias®
Comparison Study of Different Feature Selection Techniques for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Objective : Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continues to be a major challenge because handling high-dimensional data is time-consuming and expensive due to its complexity. A large feature space often increases computational costs and reduces model interpretability. This study addresses this problem by evaluating and comparing multiple feature selection techniques to identify the most informative biomarkers for AD diagnosis.

Methods : Our study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to implement and test three feature selection a

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2012
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Diagnostic Accuracy of Different Radiological Investigations in the Diagnosis of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
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Background; Perforated duodenal ulcer (PDU) is a common surgical emergency that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment is required to prevent grave complications.
Objective; The study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of different radiological investigations in the diagnosis of perforated duodenal ulcer.
Methods; A prospective study of 185 pts with PDU at al kindy teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from June 2008- august 2010. patients were examined clinically and investigated by blood test, chest x ray, plain X ray of the abdomen. Ultrasonography (U/S) and CT scanning done for those patients with negative X- ray finding. Resuscitation by intravenous fluid and ant

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
THE ISSUES OF YOUTH IN THE TALK SHOWS IN THE IRAQI SATELLITE CHANNELS:: (An Analytical Study of the Shabab wa Banat Program at Al-Sumaria TV Channel and of the Hala Shabab at Al-Iraqia TV Channel) (A Research Drawn from a Master’s Thesis)
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The purpose of this research is to identify the youth issues in Talk Shows in the Iraqi satellite channels via monitoring a sample of episodes of the Talk Shows  episodes which are concerned and analyzed the youth issues in the Iraqi satellite channels, namely, «Hala Shabab Program» at Al-Iraqia satellite Channel and «Shabab wa Banat Program» at Al-Sumaria satellite Channel by recording and re-watching them again. This research is classified as one of descriptive researches. The survey method was adopted in this study.

For this purpose, the researcher prepared an analysis form. The researcher de

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Semantic Relation among the Expressions Of the Phonetic in the Holy Qura: The Semantic Relation among the Expressions Of the Phonetic in the Holy Qura
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Abstract
The phonetic replacement is the process of putting a sound or a linguistic
syllable instead of another in one word that results in changing its meaning . It is one
way of vocabulary varionsness and discrimination because replacement among the
sounds of one expression and changing its image lead to change its meaning , and
accordingly , each replaced sound has its own linguistic value that distinguishes it . In
other words , the phonetic replacement is based on system of phonemic change
which is a general phenomenon in all languages . The linguistic system doesn’t stand
straight for word unless it is based on different standards that work on variousness ,
assortment and relating the phonetic change wi

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 10 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Health Education among Sample of Iraqi Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers
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Background: Health education was put as one of the components of primary health care elements and was recognized as a fundamental tool to the attainment of health for all

Objective: To evaluate the Knowledge, attitude regarding health education & to find out if there is any association between the gathered data and certain variables (age, gender, educational level, occupation). Methods: A Cross-sectional study done at Al Mustansyryia Primary Health Care Center from the 1st of January to 1st of May 2016. All patients attending the Primary Health Care Centers who were above 18 years of age and willing to participate in the research (303) were included in t

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
The extent of theatrical and musical arts contribute to the diagnosis And treatment of psychological problems Inmates of
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 The research aims to identify the extent to which the theatrical and musical arts contribute to diagnosing and treating psychological problems among the residents of children’s villages in Jordan, and the methodologies adopted by the theatrical and musical arts to achieve this. It moves on to prove the theory that theatrical and musical arts have an impact on improving the psychology of the residents of children’s villages in Jordan by reviewing the theories and opinions that address the subject from a scientific point of view proven by experiences and expertise. The research took place in the period between (2019-2020), and the spatial limits came within the (SOS) children's villages in Jordan. The importance of the research is to

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 06 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Pharmaceutical Sciences
Obesity and Breast Cancer: Circulating Adipokines and Their Potential Diagnostic as Risk Biomarkers
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Obesity and cancer are two major epidemics of this century. Obesity is related to a higher risk of many types of cancer. Studies have accessed circulating adipokines, as key-mediators in obesity and breast cancer. The study is aimed to examine the circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin in premenopausal Iraqi women with breast cancer. The current study was performed during the period from June 2019 to December 2019 at Oncology unit/ Medical City Hospital-Baghdad. A total of 90 premenopausal women with BC/ stage II and III after 2nd dose of chemotherapy were contributed in this study as patients group. Their ages ranged from (35- 50) years in addition to 90 premenopausal healthy women wer

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology &amp; Research
Hesperetin effect on MLH1 and MSH2 expression on breast cancer cells BT-549
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr
Interaction of Alpha Particles with Breast Tissue
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As modern radiotherapy technology advances, radiation dose and dose distribution have improved significantly. As part of a natural evolution, there has recently been renewed interest in therapy, particularly in the use of heavy charged particles, because these types of radiation serve theoretical advantages in all biological and physical aspects. The interactions of alpha particle with matter were studied and the stopping powers of alpha particle with Breast Tissue were calculated by using Beth-Bloch equation, Zeigler's formula and SRIM software, also the Range and Liner Energy Transfer (LET) and Breast Thickness As well as Dose and Dose equivalent for this particle were calculated by using Mat lab language for (0.01-200) MeV alpha ene

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